Abstract:The slick water fracturing fluid with drag reducing agent as the main component has the advantages of small formation damage and low treatment cost. However, lower drag reducing efficiency of the making it difficult to meet the requirements of large displacement and large liquid in the process of field application. In this paper, we introduce recent research progresse of different friction reducers including polymer friction reducers, polysaccharides friction reducers, the surfactant friction reducers and nano composite friction reducers. The field application of drag reducing agent is presented; The effect of molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, molecular structure and the characteristics of ions of drag reduction agent on its performance is carefully analyzed; The mechanism of friction reducers is discussed; What’s more, the advantages and disadvantages of drag reduction agent products as well as the necessity of recycling are described. Finally the future development direction and trend of drag reduction agent is pointed out, and it is believed that the nanocomposite drag reducing agent with good stability, high drag reduction efficiency and strong anti-salt and anti-pollution ability will be the hotpot of future research. At the same time, we proposed that the increase of the recycling rate and better fracture conductivity as a consequence of improving backflow rate will also become a popular research field of drag reduction agent.

Abstract:The poly(acrylic acid)/graphene oxide (GO) composite hydrogels (PAA/GO-PulDA) with homogeneous structure was synthesized by the radical copolymerization between acrylic acid (AA) and Pluronic F127 diacrylate (PulDa) dispersive graphene oxide (GO-PulDA). The GO-PulDA colloid was used as an enhancer in the composite hydrogels. The effect of the concentration of corsslinker N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) and GO in composite hydrogels and the solution pH on the strength, hydroscopicity of composite hydrogels and the adsorption capacity for methylene blue (MB) were investigated in detail. The adsorption-desorption properties of the composite hydrogels were tested. The results show that the strength of composite hydrogels can be tailored by controlling the concentration of BIS or GO in the hydrogels. The breaking strength of composite hydrogels increased from 5.0 kPa to 10.4 kPa with increasing the concentration of GO, and the elongation at break was greater than 100 %. The composite hydrogels exhibited pH-sensitive high hydroscopicity, and the increment of swelling ratio (SR) of composite hydrogels was 386 g/g with increasing the solution pH from 3.0 to 6.8. The maximum swelling ration was 490 g/g in pH 6.8 solution. The composite hydrogels exhibited obvious pH-sensitive adsorption properties for methylene blue. The increment of adsorption capacity (qe) of composite hydrogels for methylene blue was 1400 ~ 1500 mg/g with increasing the solution pH from 3.0 to 11.0. The maximum adsorption capacity was 1789 mg/g in pH 11.0 solution. The composite hydrogels displayed excellent regenerated and reused performance. The adsorption capacity for MB retained more than 60 % and the efficiency of desorption was larger than 90 % after five adsorption-desorption cycles.

Abstract:1,3,5-triacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine(TAT) and mercaptoethanol were used to synthesize a kind of sulfur-containing trifunctional crosslinker S-TAT which will participate in a reaction of polyurethane system with trimethylolpropane (TMP) together. The purpose was to get waterborne polyurethane. The structure, thermal properties and mechanical properties of the aqueous polyurethane films were characterized by attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction and electronic tensile machines. The effects of S-TAT content on the properties of polyurethane influences. The results showed that the crystallinity of the film and the glass transition temperature of the soft segment increase and then decrease,the suction rate of the film in water decreased first and then increased.The tensile strength, elongation at break and elastic modulus increase with the content of S-TAT to TMP ratio. When n(S-TAT):n(TMP)=3:2, the crystallinity of the film WPU4 was 24.91%, the glass transition temperature of the soft segment was -36.36℃, the water absorption in the water reduced to 7.34%; When n(S-TAT):n(TMP)=5:0, the tensile strength of the film WPU6 was 19.8 MPa, the elongation at break of 399%, and the elasticity modulus increased to 39.8MPa.

Abstract:A series of 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone modified anionic waterborne polyurethane (UVWPU) emulsions were prepared by anionic self emulsifying with isophorone diamine (IPDI), poly-caprolactone diol (PCL), 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA), trimethylol propane (TMP), 1,4-butanediol(BDO) and 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone(UV-0) as main raw materials. Structure and properties of polymer were characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, XRD, tensile testing and TGA. The effects of the content of UV-0 on the properties of UVWPU emulsion and its films were also studied. When w%(UV-0)=2.0%, the average particle size was 109.6 with narrow particle size distribution. Compared with the pure waterborne polyurethane (WPU), the thermal stability of UVWPU latex film the maximum decomposition temperature has improved from 301.14℃ to 318.27℃, the ultraviolet absorption rate increased to 0.58， and the tensile strength was up to 48.1 MPa.

Abstract:Abstract: In this paper, magnetic graphene foam composite was prepared via a solvent thermal method by using graphene oxide as precursor. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) respectively. The adsorption behavior of composites for copper ion in aqueous solution was studied at different experimental parameters (initial concentration, reaction time and temperature). The results showed that the Fe3O4 was successfully combined into the grapheme to form the a three-dimensional foam structure. The adsorption amount of copper ion was 49.20 mg⁄g. The adsorption process was in accordance with the quasi two stage kinetic model. Magnetic composite can achieve rapid magnetic separation.

Abstract:Activated carbon was prepared from cotton woven waste with potassium hydroxide. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analyzer, FTIR spectroscopy and specific surface area and pore size analyzer were employed to characterize the activated carbon. Firstly, carbonized the cotton woven waste. Then prepared activated carbon at the optimum conditions of the carbon to activated agent ratio of 1:1, immersion time of 16 h, temperature of 850 ℃ and holding time of 50min.The results show that under the optimum conditions, activated carbon has a sophisticated pore structure with specific surface area of 1368.67 m2/g and a total volume of 0.6208 cm3/g. The micropore specific surface area and pore volume account for 75% and 71.63%, respectively. The micropores size were between 0.84~1.3 nm. Activated carbon was hollow fiber with a 90.55% carbon content. The surface functional groups were mainly hydrophilic groups such as carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl and so on. The study shows that the cotton woven waste can be used for the preparation of activated carbon.

Abstract:1,2-bis(4-nitro-phthalimidomethyl)-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane (12) was synthesized by substitution reaction and “alkyne insertion” methodology, using 4-nitro-phthalimide, 1,4-dichloro-2-butyne and decaborane as the raw material. The influence of the reaction agent, the mole ratio of raw material and temperature on the reaction were studied, and the best process conditions were obtained. When the reaction agent was toluene, n (1,4-bis(4-nitro-phthalimidomethyl)-2-butyne) : n (decaborane) was 1.2:1, reaction temperature was 100 oC, the yield of 1,2-bis(4-nitro-phthalimidomethyl)-1,2-dicarba–closo-dodecaborane was 51.2% when the reaction continued for 16 h. The products were characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR analysis，and their UV-absorption properties were also studied.

Abstract:Abstract: Azobenzene gelators AZO-1 and AZO-2 with melamine moieties were designed and synthesized with p-nitrophenol and cyanuric chloride as raw materials. Gel-sol transition temperature and critical gel concentration of AZO-1 and AZO-2 were tested. The morphologies of xerogels and photoresponsive behavior were studied by SEM and UV spectra. The results illustrated that gel-sol transition temperature of AZO-2 are higher than AZO-1 and critical gel concentration are lower. AZO-2 showed better gelation properties. The gel’s fiber aggregation structure of AZO-1 and AZO-2 were different. The fibers of AZO-1 showed good orientation and close arrangement. The fibers of AZO-2 mainly entangled to 3D network and showed cluster structure. AZO-1 and AZO-2 could also gel after irradiation of UV light. But the microstructure of the fibers changed to a certain extent. The IR spectra of gelators in different states indicated the importance of intermolecular forces in gel formation.

Abstract:Abstract: Using cationic polymerization method, the photoactive polyether ( PGMA ) was synthesized by 1,3-propanediol reacted with glycidyl methacrylate at presence of tin tetrachloride and trifluoroacetic acid as catalyst. The photoactive polyether was composed of the main chain of C-O-C band and comb-like side chain (glycidyl methacrylate), terminated by hydroxyl. The as-prepared PGMA reacted with isophorone diisocyanate to form the photoactive polyurethane (poly(PGMA-IPDI)). Finaly, adding active diluent and photoinitiator into poly(PGMA-IPDI) can produce a kind of UV resin, which exhibited the ability of rapid curing and excellent properties, such as flexibility, adhesion, water resistance, salt resistance, alkali resistance and high curing speed up to one second.

Abstract:Acetic anhydride, as a kind of acylation reagent, was grafted on the surface of chitin whisker (CHW) to obtain acetylated CHW (ACHW). The structure and morphology of the ACHW were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, and TEM. A series of poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) composites (PBS/CHW, PBS/ACHW) were prepared with mass fraction of 0, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% of CHW or ACHW, and PBS by melt-mixing method. The crystallization property, thermal stability, and mechanical property of the composites were investigated. The dispersion of CHW and ACHW in PBS/CHW and PBS/ACHW were also observed by ESEM. The results indicated that the interfacial compatibility between ACHW and PBS had been effectively improved by the introduction of the ACHW. ACHW can act as nucleating agent and increase the crystallization rate of PBS, during the crystallization process of PBS. But it did not change the crystalline form of PBS. Additionally, when the mass fraction of 3% of ACHW was added into the PBS, the thermal stability of PBS/ACHW composite was significantly increased, the temperature at 5% mass loss (Td-5%) and the peak of pyrolysis temperature (Td-max) was 349.2 ℃ and 401.9 ℃, Td-5% and Td-max increased by 53℃ and 33.6℃ comparing pure PBS, respectively. The comprehensive mechanical properties of PBS/ACHW-3 were optimal and the tensile strength of the film increased from 30.9 MPa to 35.8 MPa, the elongation at break increased from 9.8% to 17.5%.

Abstract:Abstract: The antimicrobial properties and stability of hexahydro-β-acids cyclodextrin inclusion complex were investigated by using staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as tested bacteria in this study. Antimicrobial properties of seven kinds of cyclodextrin inclusion complex were determined by filter paper method, furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration of three of them against these bacterias, namely hexahydro-β-acids-2,6-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin, hexahydro-β-acids-2-methyl-β-cyclodextrin and hexahydro-β-acids-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin were determined by doubling dilution method. Meanwhile, the effects of temperature, pH, ultraviolet on the antimicrobial stability of the three kind of inclusion complex were also investigated. The results suggested that all of the inclusion compounds had antimicrobial activity, hexahydro-β-acids-2,6-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin, hexahydro-β-acids-2-methyl-β-cyclodextrin and hexahydro-β-acids-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin exhibited the best inhibitory effect, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the three kind of inclusion complex were all 8.0 μg/mL. Compared with untreated group, the antibacterial activity of 3 kinds of inclusion compounds enhanced under the condition of pH>6, whereas decreased under the condition of pH<6; temperature and ultraviolet had no effect.

Abstract:Separation and purification of total flavonoids from Salsola collina using macroporous resins and the antioxidant activities in vitro of purified flavonoids were studied. Critical factors that influence the static and dynamic adsorption and desorption of total flavonoids were selected and optimized. The static tests indicated that AB-8 resin was appropriate and its adsorption data were well fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The optimal conditions for dynamic adsorption and desorption were sample concentration of 1.25mg/mL, pH 4.5, flow rate of 2mL/min, sample loading amount of 2.5BV, and complete desorption with 4BV of 80% ethanol at 1mL/min. After the optimized purification, the purity of flavonoids was improved from 10.2% to 51.89%, and the recovery yield was 84.43%. The antioxidant tests revealed that the purified ?avonoids could scavenge hydroxyl and oxygen radicals and possessed strong reducing power. The optimum conditions for purifying flavonoids are simple and feasible, which could provide experimental basis for the industrial production. The results have demonstrated that the purified ?avonoids from Salsola collina can be used as a potential source of natural antioxidant.

Abstract:The flash extraction of total flavonoids from the leaves of Podocarpus macrophyllus has been optimized by response surface method, and antioxidant activities were studied. The design of extraction of total flavonoids is from Box-Behnken central composite experiment，at the same time, the scavenging activities on DPPH•、O2-•and •OH free radical of the total flavonoids of Podocarpus macrophyllus were measured. The results show that the extraction rate of total flavonoids of Podocarpus macrophyllus was 8.147%，and the optimum conditions were obtained as follows: the ethanol concentration was 71%，the material liquid ratio 1:36(g·mL-1)，the extraction time is 53s and the voltage is 75 V. Total flavonoids of Podocarpus macrophyllus have obvious scavenging ability to DPPH•、O2-•and •OH，and the maximum clearance rates were 87.13%, 58.24% and 67.56%，which can provide a foundation for the development of Podocarpus macrophyllus.

Abstract:One acidic solid catalyst (SiO2-IL) was successfully synthesized through immobilization of SO3H-functionalized ionic liquid by chemical bonding grafting, using 1, 3-propane sultone and thiolated nano-silicon dioxide as raw materials. The structure and thermal stability of the catalytic materials were characterized by NMR, FTIR and TG. Esterification of methanol with oleic acid was carried out by using this solid acidic catalyst. We find that the acidity of SO3H-functionalized ionic liquid and the stability of chemical bonding grafting are the key points and reasons to decide the catalytic performance of the solid catalyst. Moreover, the reaction conditions of reaction temperature, reaction time, molar ratio of reactants and the catalyst amount were optimized. The results show that under the optimized reaction conditions of 60 ℃, n (methanol):n (oleic acid)=12:1, 5 h, m (cat.):m (oleic acid)=0.09:1.00, the yield of methyl oleate was 94%. After reusing this acidic solid catalyst 6 times, the yield of methyl oleate still can be over 74%.

Abstract:Co/TiO2 catalysts with different Co loading amount (w(Co)=10%, 15%, 20% and 25%) were prepared by using a deposition- precipitation method, and applied to the CO2 methanation process, and were characterized by the XRD, TEM, N2 adsorption-desorption, H2-temperature program reduce (H2-TPR), and CO2-temperature program desorption(CO2-TPD). The results showed the crystallite size of the Co3O4, the BET surface area, and the reducing properties were affected by the increase of the cobalt loading amount, and the metal-support interaction was observed between the Co species and the TiO2. The Co/TiO2 catalyst with the Co loading amount of w(Co)=20% exhibited a smaller Co particle size of 8 nm and a good Co dispersion of 10.1%, and the BET surface area and the pore size were 40.9 m2/g and 6.96 nm, respectively. which would favor the CO2 methanation. From the CO2-TPD results, a maximum medium basicity of 28 μmol/g was observed on the Co/TiO2 catalyst with the Co loading amount of w(Co)=20%, which indicated more CO2 molecule were activated on the catalyst surface. The activity test indicated the Co/TiO2 catalyst with the Co loading amount of w(Co)=20% exhibited the highest activities when reacted at 400 ℃ and 0.5 MPa with a gaseous hourly space velocity of 3600 mL/(gcat·h), and the CO2 conversion and CH4 selectivity was 69.9% and 98.3%, respectively, and the Co/TiO2 catalyst kept stable in 20 h.

Abstract:Objective: In order to improve the drug loading, the acid-montmorillonite as the carrier of S( )-ibuprofen, and prepared S( )-ibuprofen/acid-modified montmorillonite complexes, to explore the drug compounds release law in different pH values. Methods: The montmorillonite was treated by different concentrations of hydrochloric acid (5%~20%), and characterized by powder XRD, BET, SEM and so on. The effects of the pH of release media on in vitro release of the S( )-ibuprofen were assessed by a dialysis method. Results: The acid concentration of 15%, the specific surface area of montmorillonite is maximum 246 m2/g, and the drug-loading has increased to 352.4mg2/g. In vitro release experiments showed that the cumulative release percentage amounts of the composite effect of pH, In the artificial gastric juice (pH 1.2) and in the artificial intestinal juice (pH 6.8) , the in vitro cumulative amount of the composites were respectively, 18.6 % and 89.3 %. Conclusion: Acid-treatement can improve the drug-loading, and the drug compounds has pH response and sustained-release behavior. This composites is expected to be sustained-release and intestinal oral preparation.

Abstract:Inorganic zirconium salt/mixed acid-based polyurethane (WPU) emulsion of high solid content was synthesized via acetone method，using polycaprolactone diol (PCL-1000) as soft chain segment, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as hard chain segment, dimethylmethyl butyric acid (DMBA), 2-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-ethanesulfonicacidmonosodiumsalt (AAS), and sodium diamine sulfonate (PPS) as hydrophilic chain extender, ammonium zirconium carbonate (AZC) as crosslinking agent. The resultant emulsions were designated as DMBA based WPU, DMBA/AAS based WPU, DMBA/PPS based WPU, respectively. The structure of WPU containing sulfonic acid groups and Zr was confirmed by infrared spectroscopic analysis. Effects of the ratio of carboxyl acid to sulfonic acid and zirconium carbonate were systematically investigated. Compared with pure DMBA based WPU emulsion, the particle size of the WPU emulsion prepared with ammonium zirconium carbonate increased from 81.8nm to 114.8nm, and the T10%(℃) and T50%(℃) of the film increased from 207.25℃to 303.41℃, 338.8℃ to 363.17℃, respectively. It demonstrated the introduction of ammonium zirconium carbonate improved the thermal stability of the film.The WPU emulsion prepared with 7:3 DMBA/AAS displayed the optimum properties, the solid content increased from 50.8% to 51.2%, the water absorption increased from 25% to 12.97%, tensile strength increased from 18.88MPa to 49.9MPa, elongation at break increased from 337.28% to 411.12%, and the peel strength increased from 9.24N/cm to 15.21N/cm, respectively. In comparison with DMBA/PPS based WPU, DMBA/AAS based WPU was endowed with better performance.

Abstract:Silver nanoparticles-reduced graphene oxide composite (AgNPs-rGO) was prepared by co-synthesized and used for preparation of carbon paste electrode (CPE). AgNPs-rGO was characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS. The results indicated AgNPs-rGO was well synthesized with the 50.57% content of Ag element. The electrochemical behavior of H2O2 at AgNPs-rGO/CPE was investigated in pH=5.5 phosphate buffer solution. AgNPs-rGO/CPE exhibited significant response enhancement for the electrochemical determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) while the RSD was 3.7%. In the range of 1.0×10-8 -1.0×10-6 mol/L, the electrochemical current of H2O2 increased linearly with the concentration of H2O2 (R2=0.9934). For that, the method was further applied in the detection of H2O2 in drinking water. The recovery rate and RSD in drinking water sample were found to be 97.1% and 4.7%, respectively. The results showed that the AgNPs-rGO/CPE working electrode could be used for electrochemical detection of H2O2 with good reproducibility and stability.

Abstract:Hydroxyethyl acrylate-phenyl-diethyl phosphoramide (APEEA) was prepared using phenyl phosphonic dichloride, hydroxyethyl acrylate and diethylamine as the raw materials. A series of core-shell particles with the average diameter about 0.08～0.1μm were prepared via seeded emulsion polymerization. The core-shell structure with APEEA and butyl acrylate as core, methyl methacrylate as shell was measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The thermogravimetric analysis (TG) results indicated that the thermal stability and charring residue of the core-shell particles was increased by adding APEEA. The microscale combustion calorimeter results showed that APEEA can significantly improve the fire performance of the core-shell particle. Comparing with core materials for the particles of pure acrylic ester, the peak heat release rate was decreased by 55% with 15wt.% APEEA. The char-forming reaction of APEEA is the major factor of improving the particle combustion properties.

Abstract:The intermediate bis(1H-benzimidazole-2-yl) methane was synthesized by using o-phenylenediamine and malonic acid as raw materials. Then a novel compound 1,1-bis(1H-benzoimididazole-yl)-1- tridecylene was synthesized via Knoevenagel reaction from lauric aldehyde and bis(1H-benzimidazole-2-yl) methane. The structure of the target compound was characterized by means of elemental analysis, FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra. The effect of conventional base catalysts on the yield of the title compound in Knoevenagel reaction was investigated, and the result indicated that piperidine has the best catalysis effect with a yield 76.33%. UV-Vis, solution fluorescence and solid fluorescence spectroscopy were used to study its photophysics properties. The results showed that the entitle compound has three UV absorption peaks at 243, 315 and 361nm in the dilute solution of ethanol, and a blue-purple fluorescence emission peak at 468nm excited by 360nm. Solid state thin film of the product also emitted a blue-purple fluorescence emission peak at 483.5 nm with a about 20nm red shift compared to the solution fluorescence. The fluorescence quantum yield of the title compound was 0.47. And contrastive tests showed that the fluorescent whitening effect of the title compound is equivalent to that of commercial fluorescent whitening agent VBL.

Abstract:A type of betaine gemini surfactant was synthesized by two-step reaction with N- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) oleoylamide, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropanesulfonate and 1,4-dibromobutane as main raw material. The structure of the product was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, the surface tension curve and related parameters were acquired by surface tension measurements. The surface tension of oleyl amidopropyl hydroxysultaine (B18) and gemini surfactants (B18-4-18) at different concentrations were measured. The experimental results showed that the structure of the synthesized compounds was in conformity with the expected structure of surfactant. The critical micelle concentration of B18 was 3.5914?0-6mol/L, the corresponding surface tension was 36.2155mN/m. The critical micelle concentration of B18-4-18 was 3.3986?0-6 mol/L, the corresponding surface tension was 34.6464mN/m at 25℃. The liquid carrying rate of B18 and B18-4-18 can reach 87% and 92% in water respectively. The liquid carrying rate of B18 and B18-4-18 can reach 82% and 84% in mineralized water with high salinity of 150 g/ L. The liquid carrying rate of B18 and B18-4-18 can reach 64% and 67% at 10% condensate oil.

Abstract:The water-soluble zwitterionic copolymer (ANND) was synthesized by acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), N-(3-methacrylamidopropyl)-N,N-dimethylheptadecan-1-aminium bromide (NADA) and phosphate group-containing monomer 1-dimethylaminoallyl phosphoric acid (DMAAPA). And then, the copolymer was characterized by IR, and the properties (salt tolerance, temperature resistant, rheology etc.) of it were studied. The results showed that the apparent viscosity of 2000 mg/L copolymer solution was 40.48 mPa·s at 100 ℃ and shear rates of 170 s-1, and 28.46 mPa·s at 500 s-1 in 25 ℃. Furthermore, to study the aging properties of copolymer, it has been kept in water bath at 80 ℃ for 10 days. The result illustrated that the viscosity retention rate of copolymer could remain 38% which is higher than 17% of HPAM. And it could remain 28.9 mPa·s, 32.1 mPa·s, 30.7 mPa·s in 30000 mg/L NaCl, 2000 mg/L CaCl2 and 2000 mg/L MgCl2 solutions, respectively. While the HPAM only 9.8, 17.7 and 16.3 mPa·s remains at same conditions. The stimulating displacement experiment indicated that the recovery ratio of 2000 mg/L copolymer solution was enhanced 14.3%.

Abstract:Using hydrophobic monomer FW-12(Octadecyl acrylate/ 2-Propenoicacid,2-methyl-,hexadecylester, molar ratio 2:1) and acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), 2 - acrylamide - 2 - methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) obtained water-soluble hydrophobic associated polymer drag reducing agent FHAPAM. The paper focuses on exothermic characteristics of polymerization process, explores polymerization reaction heat change basic rule in hydrophobic group, studies hydrophobical association of FHAPAM aqueous solution with rheometer; Pyrene probe experiment explores polarity and change regularity of the solution; discusses drag reduction performance through analysis of drag reduction mechanism. The results show that FHAPAM is greatly impacted by hydrophobic monomer content, polymerization heat is different from ordinary polyacrylamide, with obvious platform area, FHAPAM solution demonstrates strong thixotropy with increased hydrophobic monomer content; Solution polarity decreases with hydrophobic monomer content increase, and there is mutational site in I1/I3 ratio; FHAPAM temperature tolerance is stronger than ordinary polyacrylamide (PAM); for different hydrophobic monomer contents, storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G") show particularity. When drug-reducing agent FHAPAM remains in low concentration, its drug reduction effect is better than that of guanidine gum, which demonstrates its good prospect for slippery water fracturing fluid.

Abstract:Fumaropimaric acid was synthesized and purified by reaction of rosin and fumaric acid, followed by the esterification with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, producing di-2-acrylate ethyl fumaropimaric ester (abbrev., AEFE). It was approved that the structure of AEFE has two out-ring C=C double bonds and a carboxyl group through a series of characterization methods (e.g., acid value, FTIR and 1H NMR, etc.). Then, AEFE was employed as reactive tackifier for modification of acrylate emulsion pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) by in situ copolymerization, in which the effects of dosages of AEFE and emulsifier were investigated, respectively. It was found that the monomer conversion showed subtle decrease with increase of AEFE dosage, and the C=C groups in AEFE disappeared after copolymerization, indicating that AEFE had strong reactivity. Moreover, with the dosage of AEFE and dosage of emulsifier being 8.4wt% and 0.64wt% based on monomers mass respectively, the tackifier showed favorable compatibility with polyacrylate. Meanwhile, the modified acrylate emulsion PSA had the best adhesive properties as follows: the initial tack was 18# steel ball, the 180o peeling strength was 7.21 N/25mm and the holding force exceeded 100 h.

Abstract:Acrylate emulsion pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) is a kind of environmentally friendly adhesive with low content of VOC application.In this study, A glucose based emulsifier - butyl glucoside maleate (BGMAH) were synthesized . and its promotion effect in the emulsion polymerization of acrylic emulsion PSA was investigated. The PSA modified by BGMAH was prepared by semi - continuous seed emulsion polymerization. The effect of structure and amount of BGMAH on the water resistance and adhesion of the latex film were studied.The results showed that when the mass fraction of the composite emulsifier was kept at 3%, m (BGMAH): m (OP-10): m (SDS) = 2: 1.5: 0.5, the adhesive property and water resistance of the latex film were the highest. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) shows that cross-linking reaction was happened in the modification of acrylic emulsion PSA. The results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) shows that the modified polymer system has good compatibility and the glass transition of latex film was greatly reduced. And the thermal stability of the latex films was improved by thermogravimetric analysis. The reaction mechanism of polymerization was also investigated.

Abstract:2-methyl-2-nitro-1-azidopropane was synthesized from 2-methyl-2-nitropropanol via a two-step procedure. The structure of the targeted product was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).According to the study of experimental conditions,the optimum conditions for the synthesis of 2-methyl-2-nitropropyl methanesulfonate were that using triethylamine as acid binding agent and trimethylamine hydrochloride as catalyst,the ratio of reactants is(n）2-methyl-2-nitropropanol: (n) MsCl: (n) Et3N: (n) Me3N.HCl= 1: 1.2: 1: 0.05.And then, the optimum conditions for the synthesis of 2-methyl-2-nitroazepine were determined as follows:(n) 2-methyl-2-nitro-propyl methanesulfonate: (n) NaN3=1:1.5,(DMSO: water )volume=10:1 ,and the reaction was carried out at 120℃ for 24 h.The yield can be increased from 30% to 93.7%. After two steps of optimization, we can obtain the target compound that was high yield as well as more suitable for industrial production.