Abstract:Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted extensive attention due to their high efficiency, nature of solution processing and low manufacturing cost. However, the presence of transport barriers and defect trap states at the interfaces and grain boundaries decreases their efficiency and stability and increases the hysteresis. Compared with graphene, graphdiyne involving sp hybridized carbons is featured with unique triangular microstructure, natural band gap, ultra-high carrier mobility and excellent photoelectric and mechanical properties, making it an important candidate as photoelectric materials for use in the photovoltaic devices. In this review, the structure and properties of graphdiyne and its derivatives were briefly reviewed, and the roles of graphdiyne and its derivatives in the electron and hole transport layers and light absorption layer of PSCs were summarized in detail. The role of graphdiyne and its derivatives in passivation of defects, improvement of film morphology and interface contact, and enhancement of carrier transport were mainly discussed. Finally, the future research on graphdiyne and its derivatives in the field of PSCs is presented.

Abstract:In recent years, the introduction of fluorine into molecules for modification had become one of the hot topics in the field of material synthesis. After the introduction of fluorine atom, charge transport properties and liquid crystal phase behavior, and ultimately improve the thermal, optical, electrical and magnetic properties of the material. Due to its high carrier mobility, the synthesis methods and properties of fluorinated discoid liquid crystals have attracted extensive attention. It had been reported that the substituted fluorine atoms in the cores, chains and bridge positions could significantly improve the liquid crystal phase behavior, thermal stability and columnar phase order. In this paper, the progress in the modification of discotic liquid crystals by fluorine atoms in recent ten years was reviewed, which proved that fluoridation was beneficial to improve the properties of liquid crystals, and further summarized the applications of discotic molecules containing fluorine in other fields. The excellent properties of discotic liquid crystals after fluorination may inspire researchers to introduce fluorine-containing materials in the fields of drug synthesis and inorganic materials.

Abstract:In recent years, nanomaterials have been extensively studied in the fields of biomedicine, electronic energy storage, and protective coatings due to their attractive physical and chemical properties. As the demand for petroleum resources continues to increase and the difficulty of exploitation increases, petroleum exploration and enhanced oil recovery technologies require continuous innovation to meet the future demand for hydrocarbon fuels. Combining functionalized nanomaterials with enhanced oil recovery technology can improve the rheological properties of the displacing agents, change the wettability of reservoir rocks, reduce the oil-water interfacial tension, and improve the fluidity of crude oil. This can further improve oil recovery and provide new technical means for effective and sustainable development of oil fields. This article first summarizes several types of nanomaterials that are currently used in the field of enhanced oil recovery; then, summarizes the mechanism of nanomaterials in enhanced oil recovery. Finally, the problems of nanomaterials in enhanced oil recovery technology are discussed, and their development trends are prospected.

Abstract:Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) which are used for the transparent, recyclable, and environmental-friendly food high-barrier flexible packaging materials due to their good transparency and film-forming properties, as well as excellent oxygen and organic solvent barrier properties. However, the development of PVA coating is restricted by its poor humidity sensitivity and the lack of water vapor barrier properties. For these reasons, there are currently two main methods to solve the application problems of PVA coating: one method is to chemically cross-link PVA which can undergo the chemical reactions such as esterification, etherification and acetalization similar to other polyols containing secondary alcohols; the other method is to prepare PVA-nanomaterial composite coating, wherein the PVA and nano-layered materials such as montmorillonite (MMT) and graphene oxide (GO) have been made great progress. For this reason, the barrier properties of PVA and its influencing factors, chemically cross-linked PVA coatings and PVA-nanocomposite coatings were introduced, the problems faced by modified PVA coatings and prospects were analyzed, and their future research directions were prospected.

Abstract:Keratin is extracted from cheap hair, and different forms of keratin-based drug carriers are developed to improve the activity and bioavailability of drugs, which not only increase the utility value of hair, but also realize energy conservation & emission reduction. So it meets with the stainable development strategy. Disulfide reconstruction, free radical polymerization, polysaccharide modification and alkylation of keratin can confer excellent functional properties to keratin-based carriers, in order to further widen its application scope as drug carriers. Keratin can be processed into nanoparticles, fiber scaffold, hydrogel and other forms for drug delivery. As a structural protein with high sulfur content and good cell compatibility, keratin-based drug carriers play a important role in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and other fields.

Abstract:Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a promising environment-friendly electrochemical device, which can extract energy from wastewater by using electricigens and degrade organic matter in wastewater. It is an important technology to solve the current environmental and energy crisis. However, the relatively low efficiency of electricity generation limits its large-scale application, which is mainly reflected in the slow extracellular electron transfer rate of the anode and the small amount of electricigens attachment. Nanofibers are important materials for improving anodes due to their high specific surface area, good electrochemical performance and electrical conductivity. In this paper, the factors affecting the performance of anode materials are introduced, and the types and preparation methods of nanofiber anode materials at home and abroad in recent years are systematically summarized. In view of the research status of nanofiber anode materials in the field of MFC, the advantages and disadvantages of various nanofiber materials are mainly explained. Finally, the development direction of nanofibers and MFC technology is prospected, in order to provide theoretical reference for promoting the engineering application of MFC.

Abstract:Carbon dioxide,as one of the main greenhouse gases, has caused an impact on the whole globe climate and environment due to its massive emission. Therefore, it is urgent to develop economical and effective carbon capture technology. At present, carbon capture technology mainly includes absorption separation, adsorption separation, membrane separation and cryogenic separation. Firstly, the development status, application research progress and future development trends of the carbon capture technology were reviewed. Moreover, the main post-combustion carbon capture projects at home and abroad were also summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of each carbon capture technology were compared, and the difficulties and challenges faced by the capture technology were emphasized. In conclusion, the current main carbon capture technologies are difficult to independently achieve efficient, energy-saving, economical carbon capture separation, which need to choose the suitable separation technology for different application scenarios according to the given application suggestions. Lastly, the research studies of mixed capture technology were briefly introduced, indicating that the combination of capture technologies may be a feasible method to break the bottleneck of single capture technology.

Abstract:Starch-based foams are considered as one of the most promising biodegradable foams to replace petroleum-based foams, and the regulation of the pore distribution and the improvement of performance are the most important issues in the development of starch-based foams. Based on the research progress on the preparation and performance improvement of starch-based foaming materials in recent years, firstly, the role and research directions of the main components of starch-based composite foaming materials are analyzed. Secondly, the preparation process characteristics of foaming materials and the process conditions affecting foaming are summarized in detail. Then, the research on the performance improvement of starch-based foaming materials is summarized, and the foaming process and the influencing factors are discussed. Finally, the characterization methods of internal pores are introduced, in order to contribute to the further development of starch-based foaming materials.

Abstract:The polyimidazolyl acetate ionic liquid (PAIL) was synthesized by Radziszewski reaction and coated on oxidized cellulose chromatography paper (Oxi-CFP) to obtain the thin film extraction paper (Oxi-CFP@PAIL). Then the Oxi-CFP@PAIL was used for the extraction of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in water. The structure of the Oxi-CFP@PAIL was analyzed by ATR-IR and TGA, results showed that the PAIL was successfully attached to the surface of the Oxi-CFP by chemical bonding. The SEM and AFM analysis also indicated that the PAIL was attached to Oxi-CFP, while its folding resistance was obviously improved. Moreover, the impacts of PAIL preparation conditions on the adsorption amount of Oxi-CFP@PAIL for 4 NSAIDs (tolmetin, ketoprofen, naproxen and diclofenac) were investigated, and the adsorption amount of Oxi-CFP@PAIL achieved the maximum amount for the target compounds when PAIL was prepared at 60 ℃ and 5% concentration was used, primarily PAIL has the highest content in cellulose filter paper.The Oxi-CFP@PAIL was used to extract the NSAIDs in the water containing carboxyl groups, and desorb with acetonitrile containing 1% formic acid and 1% 1 mol/L ammonium acetate. The extracting solution was then detected by HPLC-MS/MS. The recoveries for 4 NSAIDs were greater than 80%, and the limit of detection and limit of quantification for this analytical method was 0.02~0.10 μg/L and 0.07~0.33 μg/L, respectively.

Abstract:In order to effectively purify cooking fumes, the root-like fluffy nanofibrous composite nonwovens were fabricated through co-solvent electro-spinning by adjusting the ratio of polyester (PET) and cellulose acetate (CA). The morphology, surface and interface wettability and oil fume filtration performance of as-prepared nanofibrous nonwovens were analyzed via scanning electron microscope, contact angle tester and automatic filter material test system. And the results showed when the mixing ratio was 8:2, it had obvious root hair-like structure. The root tip was 100nm and the root cap was 300nm. Not only is the porosity 93.85±1.71%, but the bulk density is as low as 0.023±0.008. Super hydrophobic (Water contact angle 154±1°) and super oleophilic special surface wettability (Oil wetting time is 2s). The simulated cooking oil fume filtration test shows that the filtration efficiency reaches 92%, and the filtration pressure drop is only 36Pa. After 20 cycles of testing, the filtration efficiency basically does not decrease, and still remains above 91%.After 100 min continuous filtration test, the filtration efficiency is still more than 90%, and the filtration resistance rises regularly, meeting the requirements of cooking oil fume filtration.

Abstract:A semi-interpenetration (semi-IPN) superabsorbent polymer (SL-g-P(AA-AM)/PVP) was synthesized by using sodium lignosulfonate (SL), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as raw materials, potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator and N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as cross-linking agent. The effects of hydrolysis time, hydrolysis concentration, hydrolysis temperature and stirring rate on water absorption of resin were investigated by single factor optimization experiment. The structure, thermal stability and surface morphology of samples before and after hydrolysis were investigated by FTIR, LNMR, XRD, TG and SEM. The swelling, water retention and reusability of samples before and after hydrolysis were evaluated. The results showed that the resin obtained by hydrolysis under the condition of NaOH concentration of 0.0125 mol/L, hydrolysis temperature of 75 °C and stirring rate of 400 r/min for 2 h had a water absorption rate of 2011.12 g/g, which was substantially higher than that of the unhydrolyzed resin (1292.11 g/g). The swelling behavior of the resin before and after hydrolysis was complied with the first-order and second-order swelling kinetic models. The swelling ability of H-SL-g-P(AA-AM)/PVP in NaCl solution with a mass fraction of 0.9% (123.65 g/g) was higher than that of SL-g-P(AA-AM)/PVP (97.41 g/g), but the swelling ability in MgCl₂ and FeCl₃ solutions was not improved due to the increase of -COO^_- after hydrolysis. The swelling ability of H-SL-g-P(AA-AM)/PVP was greatly affected by the pH of solutions. Furthermore, the water retention performance of hydrolyzed resin was superior to that of unhydrolyzed resin, and it exhibited certain reusability.

Abstract:A one-step resistance reduction process of polymer solution at room temperature was developed, and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) solution was coated on the surface of bare silver nanowire electrode to prepare cellulose-silver nanowire composite transparent electrode. The surface morphology and properties of the electrodes were characterized and tested by SEM, AFM, UV-Vis, etc. The results showed that the initial sheet resistance of the electrode (transmittance of 87.7%) is reduced from 27 Ω·sq-1 to 14 Ω·sq-1 after coating the surface of the bare silver nanowire electrode with 0.50% HEC solution, while having little effect on light transmittance. Meanwhile, the nanofilm formed by the HEC solution reduced the electrode surface roughness. The composite electrode exhibited excellent chemical stability in the 12 day accelerated degradation test, and its resistance changed by 1.35 and 1.45 times, respectively, in 2400 internal and external bending tests, which was much smaller than that of the bare silver nanowire electrode.

Abstract:Abstract: This paper aims to prepare a device that can quickly display the color pattern matching with the environment, so as to achieve the purpose of adaptive environment. Taking N,N-Dimethyldodecylamine oxide (C12DMHO) as the basic unit, the PNIPAM-co-PDAAM-co-PAM cross-linking network was formed under the condition of UV polymerization of N- isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), diacetone acrylamide (DMAA) and acrylamide (AM), and a fast responsive C12DMHO/PNIPAM-co-PDAAM-co-PAM temperature sensitive photonic crystal hydrogel was prepared. After coating, it is combined with the integrated electric heating plate to construct an adaptive structural color device. Through the reverse color spectrum test and infrared imaging test, it is concluded that the response temperature of the material can be adjusted in the range of 0 ~ 80 ℃ by adjusting the proportion of the above polymerizable monomers NIPAM, DMAA and am. When the monomer content in the material is PNIPAM 0.2 g, DMAA 0.2 g, am 0.05 g and MBAA 50 mg, the response temperature range is 24-30 ℃, and the structural color can change rapidly, dynamically and reversibly in the visible light region.

Abstract:Using diethyl fumarate and 1,2-propanediol as the basic raw materials, poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) was successfully synthesized through a two-step reaction, the PPFand hydroxyethyl acrylate were used as monomers to thermally solidify the system material.These polymerswerecharacterized by fouriertransformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). The thermal stability, wetting properties, mechanical strength, in vitro cytotoxicity and degradation properties of the materials were tested. These results showed that the system materials had good thermal stability, specially when the mass ratio of the PPF and hydroxyethyl acrylate was1∶3. The thermal stability, and hydrophilicityof the material was better with its contact angle being53.28°～76.17°; the material had good mechanical properties, its shear strength, adhesive strength, compressive strength and three-point bending strength were 1.33～1.63 MPa, 1.86～3.18 MPa, 60.47～88.15 MPa, 18.77～20.63 MPa, respectively; the results of in vitro degradation experimentsshowed that with the increase of soaking time, the pH of the system solution tends to decrease, and the valuechanges to 0.628 from 0.093.When the mass ratio of the PPF and hydroxyethyl acrylate was 3∶1, the weight loss rate and water absorption rate can reach 11.20% and 38.27%, respectively. Finally the degradation rate of the material was relatively slow and the cytotoxicity test results showed that the cytotoxicity of the system material was slight.

Abstract:The experiment levels of Lagerstroemia indica fruit volatile oil（LIFVO）were first evaluated using single-factor method, after which the selected levels were used to optimize ultrasonic extraction process with the response surface Box-Behnken design. The optimal extration conditions of LIFVO were found to be 47 min, 562 W, 69 ℃, liquid-solid ratio 23.6:1 mL/ g. Based on the suggested process, the obtained response value was 2.72?0.02 %. GC-MS was used to characterise the compounds of LIFVO. Twenty-eight compounds were identified. The major components of LIFVO were tetradecane (17.307 %), pentadecane (12.731 %) and hexadecane (10.897 %). Results of bacteriostatic research suggested that the LIFVO can significantly inhibit the growth of tested bacteria. And the main antibacterial components in LIFVO are a variety of straight chain alkanes and?Α-Bilberry solanesol.?

Abstract:For the development of an efficient and recyclable magnetic biomass-based catalyst, using microcrystalline cellulose and nano-Fe3O4 as ingredients, the magnetic Fe3O4/cellulose (Fe3O4/MCC) solution was prepared by the emulation method, and then the magnetic cellulose/sepiolite composite microspheres (Fe3O4/MCC/SEP) were formed along with the infiltration of sepiolite (SEP) in aqueous mixture solution. The morphology, structure and composition of the prepared Fe3O4/MCC/SEP were characterized by different techniques (SEM, FTIR, VSM, etc.). Subsequently, mechanism and performance of Fe3O4/MCC/SEP microspheres as heterogeneous Fenton catalysts for the oxidative degradation of methylene blue (MB) were analyzed. The results showed that the Fe3O4/MCC/SEP microsphere owed an excellent hollow porous structure and superparamagnetism. When the concentration of MB was10 mg/L, the amount of Fe3O4/MCC/SEP and H2O2 was 0.02 g and 5 mL at pH 3, the degradation rate of MB was as high as 99% at 240 min. Furthermore, the degradation rate of MB remaind 83% capacity after 5 recyclable cycles.

Abstract:CuZrO2 catalysts were modified with alkaline earth metals Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba as additives, and used to catalyze the one-step preparation of ketones from ethanol. The results showed that the CuZrO2 catalyst modified with alkaline earth metal Ba had higher Cu electron binding energy on the catalyst, which was favorable to the breakage of O-H bonds in ethanol molecules to form acetaldehyde. Thus, the content of desorbed acetaldehyde was the largest on Ba-CuZrO2 catalyst. In addition, the alkalinity of medium strength alkaline site (lattice oxygen) on Ba-CuZrO2 catalyst surface was the strongest, which had a significant promotion effect on the condensation reaction. The selectivity of ketones on Ba-CuZrO2 Catalyst was the highest and the performance of the catalyst was the best. In addition, Ba-CuZrO2 catalyst had a good stability.

Abstract:In this paper, the traditional coprecipitation method was improved, and a new Cu-O-Al framework catalyst with high surface area (383.87 m2/g) and high dispersion (42.74%) was successfully prepared. The characterization results show that the improved preparation method can effectively increase the The large specific surface area and pore volume of the catalyst make the particles of copper species on the catalyst smaller and the dispersion degree higher, thereby showing higher catalytic activity. At the same time, due to the formation of the Cu-O-Al framework structure, the migration of copper species can be significantly inhibited, thereby improving the stability of the catalyst. In this paper, air with lower cost was used as the oxygen source, and the reaction temperature was 300 ℃ on a typical catalyst (CuAl3) and the liquid hourly space velocity was 2 h-1, the optimal conversion rate of MOP was 85.2%, and the selectivity of MOA was 55.7%. And stable operation for 32 h, and the catalyst prepared by traditional impregnation method at this space velocity has basically no catalytic activity.

Abstract:The volatile substances of Enshi Tujia smoked bacon (ETSB) were extracted by soxhlet extractor method (SE), steam distillation (SD), simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) and headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME), respectively. The volatile substances were analyzed by GC-MS technology and the detection results under each extraction method were analyzed and compared qualitatively and quantitatively finally. The results showed that the volatile species of ETSB in the four extraction methods were 83, 53, 79 and 62, respectively, of which 22 were the same volatile components. These volatile substances were hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, acids, esters, ethers and other sulfur-containing nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. Among the volatile substances, the concentration of phenol extracted by HS-SPME was the highest, which was 42016.73 ng/g. Through the odor activity value (OAV) analysis of each flavor substance, it was found that there were main 59 flavor compounds that contributed to the flavor of ETSB. Among of them, the most prominent odor activity value was the guaiacol extracted by HS-SPME, which was as high as 10934. It was found that although different extraction methods have their own advantages and disadvantages and they can complement each other. The concentration of volatile substances was higher by HS-SPME than those by other extracting methods. Flavor substance summary and olfactory analysis were carried out according to each extracted flavor.

Abstract:The intermediate 4-([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-7-yloxy)-3-methylaniline was obtained from 2-amino-4-chloropyridine with a total yield of 28.8% through five steps of condensation, substitution, cyclization, Ullmann reaction and reduction of nitro group. Secondly, 2-amino-5-nitrobenzonitrile was used as starting materials to synthesize the target intermediate N4-[3-methyl-4-([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-7-yloxy)phenyl]-4,6-quinazolinediamine via condensation, cyclization and reduction reaction with a total yield of 47.4%. In addition, 4,5-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2-(methylthio)oxazole trifluoromethanesulfonate was prepared in two steps under mild conditions in 68.6% yield using carbon disulfide and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol as raw material. Finally, tucatinib was obtained from N4-[3-methyl-4-([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a] pyridin-7-yloxy)phenyl]-4,6-quinazolinediamine and 4,5-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2-(methylthio)oxazole trifluoromethanesulfonate using triethylamine as base with a yield of 62.8% and HPLC purity of 99.08%. The structures of the products were characterized by 1HNMR, 13CNMR and HRMS analysis. The raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain. This synthetic route provides a theoretical basis for the scale-up production of tucatinib.

Abstract:Firstly, Methionine (I) is alkylated and then brominated to form bromohomoserine bromate (III). Secondly, Selenium reacts with three reducing agents to obtain disodium diselenide, and then reacts with compound III to obtain selenocysteine (IV); Finally, Selenomethionine (V) was formed by reduction of sodium triacetoxyborohydride and methyl iodide. The main steps were optimized and the optimal synthesis conditions were obtained: the preparation of disodium diselenide with a new reductant sodium triacetoxyborohydride could obtain a higher yield of intermediate product IV, and the highest yield of compound III was 62.42% when the molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to sodium triacetoxyborohydride was 4.0:1.0. When the molar ratio of compound IV to iodomethane was 1.0:2.0 and the molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to sodium triacetoxyborohydride was 2.7:1.0, the highest yield of final product V was 75.79%; The structure of the final product V was confirmed by mass spectrometry, hydrogen spectrum and carbon spectrum after crystallization and purification (purity 95%).

Abstract:Using esterified soybean protein and chitosan as raw materials, according to the mass ratio of esterified soybean protein and chitosan as 1∶0.1, the esterified soybean protein and chitosan solution were mixed and stirred at room temperature for 3 h to prepare esterified soybean protein. The functional properties of esterified soy protein-chitosan complexes were investigated under pH 5.0 conditions. The structure of esterified soybean protein-chitosan complex was studied by infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy, and the effect of esterification modification and chitosan complex modification on the emulsification and antibacterial properties of the complex was discussed. The results show that hydrogen bonds are involved in the formation of esterified soybean protein-chitosan complexes; at pH 5.0, compared with esterified soybean protein, the emulsifying activity of esterified soybean protein isolate-chitosan complex (MSPI-CS), esterified glycinin-chitosan complex (M11S-CS), esterified β-conglycinin-chitosan complex (M7S-CS),were increased to 10.8 m2/g, 9.0 m2/g, 12.0 m2/g, and the emulsion stability were increased to 88.9 min, 71.4 min, and 95.4 min, respectively; The inhibition zone diameters of MSPI-CS, M11S-CS, M7S-CS against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella all increased; emulsions were prepared with MSPI-CS, M11S-CS, and M7S-CS as emulsifiers, the average particle size of the emulsions decreased to 255.2 nm, 315.6 nm, and 253.6 nm, and the absolute values of Zeta-potentials increased to 22.07 mV, 20.68 mV, and 22.33 mV. At the same time, the storage stability of the emulsion is improved.

Abstract:In this study, the poly (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-itaconic acid)〔P (POSS-IA)〕 nanocomposite material was prepared by free radical polymerization using octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS-Vi) and itaconic acid (IA) as raw materials. The structure of POSS was characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, XRD, and TEM. The POSS-Vi was uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix with a diameter of about 50 nm. The P (POSS-IA) was applied to the tanning process of crust leather, and the properties of the tanning crust leather were compared with those of poly (itaconic acid)〔P (IA)〕, poly (acrylic acid)〔P (AA)〕, poly (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-acrylic acid)〔P (POSS-AA)〕, poly (methacrylic acid)〔P (MAA)〕, and poly (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-methacrylic acid)〔P (POSS-MAA)〕. The results showed that the shrinkage temperature of tanning crust leather with P (POSS-IA) was 68.2 ℃. The thickening rate of P (POSS-MAA) tanning crust leather was the highest, which can reach 53.3%. The tensile strength and tear strength of P(POSS-AA) tanning crust leather were the highest, reaching 31.6 MPa and 59.3 N/mm respectively. The results of SEM and EDS showed that P (POSS-IA) nanocomposite was more evenly dispersed.

Abstract:Used graphene oxide and adamantane as raw materials, the amantadine functionalized graphene oxide composites (A/GO) were prepared through an aqueous phase synthesis method, and their structures were characterized by FT-IR, XRD and XPS. Compared with graphene oxide, A/GO has more efficient adsorption performance for methyl blue (AB93). The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm model of A/GO adsorption of AB93 accord with pseudo second-order kinetics and Langmuir model. Theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of A/GO (qm) can achieve 1250.0 mg/g. Thermodynamic analysis shows that the adsorption of AB93 by A/GO is a spontaneous exothermic process. A/GO adsorbed AB93 showed good resistance to salts (NaCl and KCl), while CaCl2 could effectively promote A/GO adsorbed AB93. In addition, A/GO can also efficiently and selectively adsorb AB93 from the mixed dyes of congo red and AB93.

Abstract:To recover yttrium ion Y(III) from rare earth mine wastewater, performance of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) for Y(III) adsorption and desorption was investigated. The effects of mixing mode, initial concentration of Y(III), pH, salinity, lead ion concentration and particle size on adsorption performance of AGS were explored. Compared with agitation and oscillation, aeration has better adsorption performance, and more than 80% of Y(III) were adsorbed in the first 10 min. When the initial Y(III) concentration was less than 50 mg/L, AGS could adsorb all the Y(III) from wastewater, and then the adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of Y(III) concentration. H+, Na+ and Pb2+ competed with Y(III) for the adsorption sites on AGS, resulting in the decrease of the adsorption efficiency. The AGS with particle size of 0.6-1 mm had the maximum Y(III) adsorption capacity, and the adsorption capacity of AGS with particle size of 2.4-3.0 mm after artificial crushing increased by 15%. The adsorption process was fitted with kinetics and thermodynamics. The kinetics was in accordance with the pseudo-second-order model (R2 was 0.9999), indicating that chemisorption played a dominant role. Webber-Morris equation showed that intra-particle diffusion was the main factor affecting the adsorption rate. The thermodynamics was consistent with Langmuir model (R2 was 0.9849), indicating that the adsorption process was a monolayer adsorption process, and the fitted maximum adsorption capacity was 24.39 mg/gSS. AGS before and after Y(III) adsorption was characterized by XPS. Functional groups involved in adsorption included ester group, carboxyl group and amino group, and ion exchange between Y(III) and K+ was detected. The desorption effect of nitric acid and ammonium chloride on saturated AGS was investigated. The single desorption efficiency of nitric acid (99%) was significantly higher than that of ammonium chloride (64%). However, after five cycles of adsorption and desorption, the desorption efficiency of nitric acid group decreased to 10%, whereas that of ammonium chloride group remained at 50%.

Abstract:Sulbutamol was synthesized from 5-bromosalicylaldehyde via reduction, benzyl protection, Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, addition of double bond, nucleophilic substitution, Pd/C reduction. The total yield was 56.0% (based on 5-bromosalicylaldehyde). The optimistic condition of Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction was established. The optimum reaction conditions were obtained as follows: n(intermediate II) : n(potassium vinyltrifluoroaborate) : n(palladium chloride) : n(triphenylphosphine) : n(cesium carbonate) = 1:1.2:0.02:0.06:2. The reaction was refluxed in tetrahydrofuran / water (volume ratio 9:1, 0.5 mol / L, based on the amount of intermediate II substance) mixed solvent for 12 hours. The structure of salbutamol and the important intermediates were confirmed by HRMS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The synthetic route here is suitable for the amplification and preparation of salbutamol and has the value of industrial application because of the mild reaction condition, easy control as well as simple equipment and operation without purification by column chromatography.