Abstract:Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is a process in which electrically-generated microorganisms transfer electrons to external electron acceptors during metabolism. However, the relatively slow rate of extracellular electron transfer significantly affects the electrical performance of Microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Improving the efficiency of extracellular electron transfer is of great significance for promoting the large-scale application of microbial fuel cells. Due to their excellent electrical conductivity, stability and biocompatibility, nanomaterials have been widely used to promote the extracellular electron transfer of microorganisms. This review summarizes the main routes of extracellular electron transfer, expounds the mechanism of different kinds of nano materials in promoting the process of extracellular electron transfer and the electrical properties of their corresponding MFCs, and looks forward to the research prospect of nano materials strengthening microbial EET process in the utilization of microbial electrochemical technology. Although there are still challenges to improve the electrical performance of microbial fuel cells, nanomaterials have great potential to promote the application of EET processes.

Abstract:Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) hold great promise for safety and large-scale production applications, but the low energy density and cycle life of the anode and cathode electrodes hinder the practical application of ZIBs. The electrodes based on textile materials have high electrical conductivity, chemical stability and easy loading with other active substances, which can effectively solve the above problems. This paper summarizes the latest research progress of flexible Zn-ion batteries from two perspectives, from fibrous to planar, to elucidate the feasible methods for the construction of flexible Zn-ion batteries, and to clarify the conformational relationships between the reaction kinetics of the cathode material and the electrode structure, surface properties and active material compounding conditions of the batteries. Finally, the problems in the development of textile-based zinc ion batteries are explained and the key challenges to be overcome in the future are analyzed and foreseen.

Abstract:Electrolyte, as one of the components of battery, capacitor and other electronic equipment, provides a stable ion channel for the charging and discharging process of electronic equipment. However, the problems of traditional liquid electrolyte materials, such as leakage and environmental factors, restrict the further application and development of electrolyte. Gel electrolyte is a kind of electrolyte material with outstanding mechanical properties and excellent electrical conductivity. Lignocellulosic gel electrolyte has high flexibility, good mechanical strength and fast charge transfer ability and other physical and chemical properties, which brings new opportunities for the further research. The content includes the preparation technology and research progress of cellulose, lignin and lignocellulose in the field of gel electrolyte, summarizes and prospects the lignocellulose gel in preparation and functional advantages and disadvantages of application and development direction. What we want is to provide reference for the research of lignocellulose gel electrolytes.

Abstract:Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have excellent characteristics such as large specific surface area, good designability and biocompatibility, which can be used as ideal carriers of immobilized enzymes to improve the stability and catalytic performance of free enzymes. Many enzyme/MOFs composites show much better catalytic performance than free enzymes. Enzyme/MOFs composites have been widely reported to be used in biosensing, detection, catalysis and other fields, becoming an environmentally friendly substitute for traditional catalysts. This paper summarized three immobilization methods of enzyme on MOFs (Surface immobilization, Pore encapsulation and In-situ synthesis), and emphatically introduced four factors influencing the catalytic performance of enzyme/MOFs composites and the modulation methods. Finally, the application of enzyme/MOFs composites in catalysis is summarized and the future of enzyme immobilization is anticipated.

Abstract:Compared with limited fresh water, seawater is a kind of rich resource, and its electrolysis has attracted more and more attention. Therefore, the design and development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of natural seawater or brine electrolytes has a good application prospect. This paper first analyzes the current situation and challenges faced by electrolysis of seawater, then summarizes and summarizes the design ideas and modification methods of electrocatalytic decomposition of seawater catalyst, and summarizes the latest research progress in the synthesis of efficient and stable seawater electrolysis catalyst by constructing three-dimensional layered porous structure, using protective layer and surface wettability engineering. Finally, the challenges and development direction of electrolytic seawater catalyst are summarized and prospected. In the future research, it is necessary to combine experimental research and theoretical research, so as to develop more efficient, stable and highly selective catalysts to meet the requirements of the industrial application of electrolytic seawater.

Abstract:With the rapid popularization of electronic equipment, the problems of electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic pollution follow, so the design of high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing materials is imminent. Electrospun nanofiber composites have become a research hotspot because of their unique advantages such as light weight, large flexibility, easy processing and strong compatibility. It is expected to meet the technical requirements of "thin, light, wide and strong" microwave absorbing materials. This paper first introduces the absorbing principle of electromagnetic wave absorbing materials, and then summarizes the research progress of electrospinning technology in absorbing materials, including the composites of electrospun nanofibers and metals and their oxides, carbon materials and conductive polymers, carbides, as well as the applications in multilayer absorbing materials. The advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of composites are summarized. Finally, the development trend of electrospun nanofibers in the field of microwave absorption and the problems that should be paid attention to are prospected.

Abstract:Halogenation, oxidation, diazotization, nitration and hydrogenation are important reactions in fine chemical production, which are generally carried out in batch reactors currently, leading to potential safety hazards and low efficiency. The development of microchannel reactor technology provides an effective platform to solve the above problems. Therefore, the investigation on synthetic processes with safety and efficiency in microchannel reactors has become one of the hotspots in the area of fine chemicals. Herein, the research progresses in the synthetic processes of fine chemicals involving hazardous reactions in microchannel reactors in recent years are summarized, from which it can be concluded that fine chemical production could be performed in more safe and efficient protocols in the future. Besides, the current deficiencies of microchannel reactors and the research directions were pointed out.

Abstract:While the rapid development of society has brought material civilization to human beings, environmental pollution has become increasingly serious, especially in recent years, gaseous pollutants produced by human activities have seriously threatened the environment and human health.SSSSHowever, the successive discharge of gaseous pollutants into the atmosphere makes it necessary to develop suitable technologies to clean the air.SSBenzene volatile organic compounds (benzene VOCs) is one of the common gaseous pollutants in indoor air, which should be transformed into non-hazardous compounds through physical adsorption.SSPhotocatalytic oxidation (PCO) can effectively degrade benzene VOCs by generating highly active substances on the surface of the photocatalyst using the energy of photons under the action of light, without secondary pollution.SSAt present, many photocatalytic systems with different structures and physical and chemical properties have been applied to degrade benzene VOCs. In this paper, the basic principle of photocatalytic degradation of benzene VOCs, factors affecting the photocatalytic reaction and methods to improve the degradation efficiency have been systematically analyzed.SSThe design concept of all kinds of nanocatalizers and their performance in photocatalytic degradation of benzene VOCs were reviewed, and the future design of nanocatalizers was prospected.

Abstract:Antibiotics, as animal therapeutic agents and growth promoters, are widely used in agriculture, animal husbandry and aquatic product breeding, resulting in excessive antibiotic residues in animal and plant food, which seriously threaten human health. Therefore, detection of antibiotic residues in food is of great significance. However, the existing detection methods of antibiotic residues, such as microbiological assay, enzyme-linked immunoassay, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis, usually have the disadvantages of time consuming, complex operation and high cost. As a new technology, biosensor has the advantages of being rapid and simple, high sensitivity, good selectivity and low cost, indicating great potential in the field of antibiotic residue detection. Nucleic acid probe, as a new tool for biological analysis, has been widely used in the development of biosensors. The introduction of nucleic acid probe to the biosensing detection of antibiotic residues opens up a new way for the efficient detection of antibiotic residues. The application of nucleic acid probe in the biosensing detection of antibiotic residue is reviewed from the aspects of electrochemical biosensor, fluorescence biosensor, colorimetric biosensor and other common biosensors, and the future development prospect of this field is also prospected.

Abstract:β-Alanine is the only naturally occurring β-type amino acid in nature, and it is also a non-protein amino acid. β-Alanine has important applications in the food industry, pharmaceutical industry, chemical industry, feed industry, and other fields, and its market prospect is very broad. At present, β-Alanine synthesis methods include chemical synthesis and biosynthesis. Compared with the complex production process of the chemical method, the biological method has the advantages of product specificity, mild conditions, and simple process. At present, it is recognized as a more environmentally friendly and promising β-alanine production method. This paper reviews the properties, applications, biological metabolic processes and main biological preparation methods of β-alanine, and focuses on the current situation and existing problems of biological production of β-alanine. It is expected to provide reference for the development of efficient and green production process and industrial application of β-alanine in the future.

Abstract:A novel amino terminated poly(phthalazinone ether ketone） (A-PPEK） was synthesized from 4-(4-hydroxylphenyl）(2H）-phthalazin-1-one, 4,4'-difluoro benzophenone and 4-aminophenol by a two-step one pot method, and its curing properties for phthalonitrile resin were investigated. Compared with the commonly used aromatic diamine curing agent 4,4 '-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS）, the 5% weight loss temperature of A-PPEK was increased by 69.3 ℃. Moreover, unlike the rapid sublimation of DDS at 400 ℃, A-PPEK can still retain more than 95% of the mass at the same temperature, indicating that A-PPEK can effectively solve the problem of defects in phthalonitrile resin caused by the decomposition of small molecule curing agent at high temperature. A series of tests showed that the system of resorcinol phthalonitrile resin DPPH cured with A-PPEK had excellent heat resistance and processability: the maximum 5% weight loss temperature of the cured resin can reach 553.2 ℃, the glass transition temperature was higher than the experimental test temperature of 380 ℃, and the minimum viscosity can reach 0.2 Pa?s.

Abstract:In order to improve the antifouling performance of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane, GO/TiO₂/PVDF composite ultrafiltration membrane was prepared by non solvent induced precipitation phase separation method with GO/TiO₂ nanocomposites as additives. The structure and morphology of PVDF membrane were characterized by FTIR, SEM and static contact angle analyzer. The water flux and anti pollution performance of PVDF membrane were evaluated by ultrafiltration method. The results show that when the addition amount of GO/TiO₂ nanocomposites is 0.05wt.%, compared with bare PVDF membrane, GO/TiO₂/PVDF composite ultrafiltration membrane showed the best hydrophilicity and antifouling performance. The static contact angle of the membrane decreased by 8.2 o, and the porosity increased by 13.5%. GO/TiO₂ nanocomposites were evenly distributed in PVDF membrane. Under the filtration pressure of 0.08MPa, when the addition of GO/TiO₂ is 0.05wt.%, the pure water flux of GO/TiO₂/PVDF membrane is as high as 282.44 L/m₂^.h, the filtration flux of humic acid (HA) solution is 131.96 L/m₂^.h, and the pure water flux after hydraulic cleaning is 194.98 L/m₂^.h, which is 2.1 times, 1.5 times and 1.8 times that of bare PVDF membrane respectively. In addition, compared with pure PVDF membrane, the interception rate of HA by 0.05 wt.% GO/TiO₂/PVDF membrane increased by 8.6%, the membrane flux recovery rate increased by 24.3%, the total pollution rate decreased by 39.2%, the reversible pollution rate decreased by 18.3%, and the irreversible pollution rate decreased by 46.8%. Therefore, GO/TiO₂ nanocomposites significantly improve the antifouling performance of PVDF films and are an effective additive.

Abstract:In order to prepare simple and environmentally friendly oil-water separation materials, superhydrophilic composite membrane (TAPE) was prepared by simple impregnation method with natural polyphenol tannic acid (TA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as raw materials and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane as substrate. The TAPE film was characterized by SEM, AFM, FTIR, XPS and contact angle instrument. The oil-water separation performance, wear resistance and stability of TAPE film were studied. The results show that the TAPE membrane has a porous micro-nano rough structure. When the TA content is 1.75 % of the mass of distilled water, the water contact angle and underwater oil contact angle of the membrane about 0° and 156°, respectively, showing superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity. Under the pressure of 0.09 MPa, the membrane flux of TAPE membrane for separating emulsified oil was 1146.4 L/(m2·h), which was 12 times that of the original PVDF membrane. The separation efficiency of oil-water mixture and emulsified oil could reach 99.9 %. In addition, the TAPE membrane has good stability, and the water contact angle of the membrane surface is still as high as 152° after 25 times of sandpaper detrition (320 mesh) under 100 g of loading. The membrane has potential application prospects in the field of oil-water separation.

Abstract:Stearoyl chloride was used for amidation modification reaction of melamine to obtain the melamine derivative modified by octadecyl chain, which was then added and polycondensation reaction with formaldehyde to prepare stearoyl modified dense amine resin, which was respectively applied in the preparation of film formation and foaming materials. The structure and properties of stearoacylated melamine, its modified melamine resin, film and rigid cellular material were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the contact Angle of stearoacylated melamine increased from 0° to more than 136° due to the introduction of hydrophobic alkyl chain. And in the reaction of hydrophobic modified melamine resin, melamine as stearic acylation degree enhancement, the water of the hydrophobic modified melamine resin stand point temperature decreases gradually, resin viscosity increases gradually, insoluble particles increase gradually increased, and the appropriate by stearic acid chloride modified reaction of melamine, the preparation of acylation melamine material, coating materials and rigid cellular material, For example, the compressive strength of the sample can reach 39.5MPa, the bending strength of the rigid cellular material can reach 345.8kPa, and the compressive strength can reach 315kPa. At the same time, the water absorption of the acylated sample can be reduced from 4.5% to 1.1%. The water contact Angle was increased from 68.5° to 107.5°, and the stain resistance was further improved. The volumetric water absorption of the rigid cellular material was reduced from 5.2% to 2.0%.

Abstract:Multifunctional nanophotosensitizers (UPM) composing of upconversion nanoparticles NaYF4:Yb,Tm@NaGdF4:Yb, polydopamine, polyethyleneimine and MnO2 were prepared by reverse microemulsion method. The morphology, chemical composition, optical properties and size distribution of the obtained products were characterized by TEM, FTIR, UV-Vis, PL and DLS. Then, the reactive oxygen species generation ability and the loading and release of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) from UPM were measured, and the antibacterial performance of TC-loaded nanophotosensitizers (UPM/TC) under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation was investigated. The results showed that the nanophotosensitizers showed catalase-like activity and the capacity of producing hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen in presence of H2O2 as exposed to NIR light. The loading capacity of TC in UPM was 22.6%, and the in vitro release of TC was pH-sensitive. After exposure to 980 nm NIR light (1.2 W/cm2) for 10 min , UPM/TC at a mass concentration of 0.8 g/L exhibited 99.7% bacterial inactivation to E. coli and better antibacterial performance than free TC or UPM by virtue of the synergistic effect of photodynamic and antibiotic sterilization.

Abstract:Novel polyetherimide (PEI) dielectrics with cross-linked networks were firstly prepared by utilizing 2,4,6-Triaminopyrimidine (TAP) as cross-linker. The results showed that the breakdown strength of cross-linked PEI with 2 wt% TAP increased to 399.4 MV/m, showing an increment of 23.3% in comparison with non-cross-linked PEI. Additionally, owing to the restrained polarization loss and relaxation loss by cross-linked networks, the dielectric loss of cross-linked PEI dielectric gradually decreased with increasing content of TAP. Of particular significance was that the c-PEI dielectrics exhibited improved discharged energy density (Ud) and charge-discharge efficiency (η) at high temperature. The maximum Ud of cross-linked PEI with 2 wt% TAP was 2.53 J/cm3 at 150 °C, which was 24.8% higher than non-cross-linked PEI. This research provides an innovative strategy to achieve novel PEI dielectrics with improved Ud and η at high temperature.

Abstract:Three surfactants of tertiary amine N-oxide (TAO), tertiary amine N-benzyl chloride (TABC), and tertiary amine N-methyl iodide (TAMI) were derived from a new tertiary amine (TA) who was synthesized from α-terpinene by Diels-Alder reaction. Their structures were identified by FTIR and 1HHMR, and their surface properties and bacteriostatic ability were investigated. Tests found that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of TAO, TABC and TAMI are 3.39×10-3, 2.46×10-3 and 2.37×10-3 mol/L, and their γCMC are 33, 25.2 and 26.4 mN/m, respectively, which was better than the commercial analogue that is dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DDBAC). The emulsifying time of TAO (528 s), TABC (341.7 s) and TAMI (271 s) are enough long for them to have a good emulsification ability. Except for TAO, both TABC and TAMI have a good foaming performance and foam stability with the foaming height of 76.62 mm and 87.77 mm, and the foaming stability of 0.85 and 0.87, respectively. In addition, they perform well in calcium hard water stability test. Furthermore, TABC shows the best bacteriostatic effect on Staphylococcus aureus, with 21 mm in the diameter of bacteriostatic zone and 99.99% in the bacteriostatic rates.

Abstract:AlPO4 was synthesized by ionic liquid and aluminium isopropoxide, which was employed as carrier to support V2O5 for synthesizing the highly active catalysts of benzene hydroxylation. Physicochemical properties of catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, Mapping, FT-IR, XPS and N2 adsorption/desorption. And the catalytic performance of vanadium-based catalysts in the hydroxylation of benzene were investigated. Catalyst with 16% (based on the total mass of V2O5 and AlPO4, the same below) vanadium oxide loading would own the most and evenly distributed V4+ active centers, the acidic microenvironment that fitted the reaction. Under the following conditions: catalyst dosage 0.2 g, mass fraction 30% hydrogen peroxide 12.5 mL, benzene 4 mL, acetonitrile 15 mL, reaction temperature 70 ℃ and reaction time 7 h, the conversion of benzene was 53.4% and the selectivity of phenol was 98.4%. Based on the analysis of characterization and performance evaluation, it was concluded that the reaction mechanism might be mainly nucleophilic oxidation catalytic mechanism, supplemented by free radical mechanism.

Abstract:In order to explore the aroma difference between green pepper and red pepper and analyze the reasons for the difference, in this paper, the volatile components of green and red pepper were extracted by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE), at the same time, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyse the samples qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition, aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) united with gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) was used to analyze the key flavor substances of different pepper. Furthermore, the odor activity values (OAVs) were calculated to determine the relative contribution of each compound to the odor of different pepper. Depending on the result of analysis, the key aroma active substances of green pepper are linaool, β-phellandrene, myrcene, eucalyptol, D-limonene and sabinene. In the meanwhile, the key aroma active substances of red pepper are linalool, myrcene, eucalyptol, D-limonene and sabinene. The main reasons for the aroma differences may be that green pepper consists of more kinds of alkene, alcohols, aldehydes, ethers. However, red pepper contains more types of ketones and esters. Moreover, linalool, myrcene and eucalyptol have different contributions to the overall aroma of green and red pepper. The results of this experiment contribute to identify the components of pepper and distinguish the categories of pepper.

Abstract:The Maillard conjugate (MC))formed by Maillard reaction of sodium caseinate and oat β-glucan was used as the coating for stabilizing Zein. Composite LA-Zein-MC nanoparticles were prepared by anti-solvent co-precipitation method, with α-lipoic acid (LA) embedded in Zein as the core and Maillard conjugate as the shell. The study found that the optimum preparation conditions of composite nanoparticles were as follows: the mass ratio of Zein to α-lipoic acid was 25:1, and the mass ratio of Zein to Maillard polymer was 1:2.4. The prepared composite nanoparticles have a particle size of 235.4 nm, zeta potential of -32.1 mV and PDI of 0.144. The maximum encapsulation rate was 58.79%. The characterization methods of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X- ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the composite nanoparticles had smooth morphology and α -lipoic acid was embedded. Inside the composite nanoparticles, alpha-lipoic acid exists in an amorphous form. Stability measurement shows that the composite nanoparticles with this structure have high salt stability, pH stability and thermal stability. It has important reference significance for embedding and carrying hydrophobic active substances.

Abstract:Magnesium trifluoromethanesulfonate (MFS) was used as a bifunctional electrolyte additive to improve the cycle performance of Li/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4(Li/LNMO) cells. The electrochemical performance was measured by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrode surface morphology and composition of before and after cycle Li/LNMO cells with different electrolytes were characterized by SEM, XPS, and FTIR. This indicates that MFS can be oxidized in preference to solvents during the charge-discharge process. MFS-containing electrolyte interface films can form simultaneously on both electrodes, suppressing the decomposition of electrolytes and provide protection for the electrodes. The discharge-specific capacity of Li/LNMO cells with the electrolytes containing a mass fraction of 0.3% MFS decreased from 135.12 mA·h/g to 123.86 mA·h/g at 1 C rate after 300 cycles, and the capacity retention rate was as high as 91.67%. Compared with cells without MFS in the electrolyte, the increase of charge transfer resistance is restrained, and the electrochemical properties are improved significantly.

Abstract:The biochar was prepared from rice husk and modified with different concentrations of zinc acetate to produce products named RHC and MRHC, respectively. The prepared biochar was characterized by SEM, BET and XRD for its physicochemical properties. The analysis showed that the modified char had rich pore structure and large specific surface area, and the zinc existed on the surface of the biochar in the form of oxide particles. The rice husk biochar before and after modification was made into an electrode and its electrochemical properties were tested. The results showed that the specific capacitance of the modified carbon electrode was greatly improved, the resistance was significantly reduced, and the cycling performance and multiplicative performance were improved compared with the unmodified biochar. MRHC-0.3 (modified biochar at a zinc acetate concentration of 0.3 mol/L) had a specific surface area of 495 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.214 cm3/g. The capacitance retention rate of this electrode was 92.16% after 2000 charge/discharge cycles at 2 A/g. MRHC-0.3 electrode was used for electrosorption of Cu2+ at 0.9 V, pH 5. The MRHC-0.3 electrode was used for electrosorption of Cu2+, and the best adsorption effect was found at 0.9 V, pH 5, with the adsorption amount of 9.57 mg/g. The removal rate could reach 63.82% at 0.9 V, pH 5, and the initial mass concentration of Cu2+ of 50 mg/L.

Abstract:Chloroauric acid was prepared by ion-exchange membrane electrolysis with gold as anode, graphite as cathode, saturated calomel electrode as reference electrode and hydrochloric acid solution as electrolyte. The anodic behavior of gold in the preparation process and the effects of experimental conditions such as chloride ion concentration, pH and hydrogen peroxide content on the preparation process were explored, and the reaction mechanism was analyzed and explored. The results show that the chemical formula of the sample obtained in the experiment is HAuCl4 ? 4H2O. There is basically no loss of gold in the process of the experiment, and the yield can reach more than 94%; Electrochemical tests showed that the electrolysis of gold to au3+ occurred between 0.8-1.3v, and the passivation voltage was 1.3V; Under the condition of pH 1.0, the best preparation conditions are electrolytic voltage 1.25V, hydrogen peroxide dosage 5mmol,; In the process of electrolysis, reducing the pH of electrolyte and increasing the concentration of chloride ion in electrolyte can promote the electrolysis of gold. In addition, the peak potential decreases with the decrease of pH; Nyquist diagram shows that the preparation process is controlled by charge transfer and diffusion mixing. With the increase of cl- concentration in the solution and the addition of hydrogen peroxide, the influence of diffusion control weakens, and the transition from mixing control to charge transfer control. Compared with the traditional process, the preparation of chloroauric acid by diaphragm electrolysis has the advantages of no pollution, easy operation, high safety and small hydrochloric acid loss.

Abstract:In order to impart self-cleaning and anti-fouling properties to silk fabric, firstly, polydopamine (PDA) was prepared by the polymerization of dopamine (DA) under CuSO4/H2O2 oxidation system and was deposited on the silk surface, and then the fabric was further superhydrophobically functionalized by dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS) modified nano-TiO2. The FTIR, SEM, XPS, water contact angle measuring instruments were used to characterize the chemical composition, surface microstructure, and hydrophobic properties of silk fabric before and after modification. The self-cleaning and anti-fouling properties, self-repairing of hydrophobicity and UV resistance also were tested. The results showed that the PDA/DTMS-nano TiO2 modified silk fabric surface constructed uniformly micro and nano structure, as well as its surface energy reduced. The static contact angle of modified fabric was 156°, the rolling angle was 5°, and the UV protection factor was 75.81, so it had good anti-fouling self-cleaning ability and UV resistance. Its permeability slight decreased. When after 10 etching-repair cycles of O2 plasma or 1200 mechanical wear-repair cycles, the hydrophobic repair rate of the PDA/DTMS-nano TiO2 modified fabric was greater than 96%, and the self-healing effect of environmental damage resistance was obvious. In addition, after 25 washes, the contact angle of the modified silk fabric was 151° and the UPF value was 49.5, which still had relatively excellent washing fastness.

Abstract:A simple and efficientcuprous iodide-mediated catalytic system of reformatsky reaction has been described. The reformatsky reaction of ethyl iodoacetate2a with aromatic aldehydes 1/ketones3 was efficiently catalyzed by zinc powder and mediated by the cheap and easily available cuprous iodide. With acetonitrile/water mixed solvent as the reaction solvent, 32 β-hydroxyl esters I~XXXII were synthesizedwith high yield (82%~95% yield) under mild conditions. The structures of products obtained were confirmed by 1 HNMR, 13 CNMR and MS. According to the previous research and the related literature, the possible reaction mechanism was proposed. In addition, the catalytic methodology can be scaled up to the gram scale.With benzaldehyde 1a (10 mmol) and ethyl iodoacetate 2a (15 mmol) as raw materials, β-hydroxyl ester I (1.94 g, yield 92%) was obtained from with high yield.