Abstract:Organic photochromic molecules undergo reversible isomerization with UV and visible light to achieve color change. Spiropyran is an organic photochromic material with outstanding performance, and its color-changing behavior can be regulated under a variety of conditions, including light, temperature, pH, and mechanical pressure. Spiropyran molecules can be utilized to prepare photochromic polymers, MOFs, microcapsules, and other materials. These have important applications and prospects in optical information storage, smart sensors, anti-counterfeiting and encryption, targeted drugs, fluorescent probes, and more. Consequently, they have captured significant attention and interest from researchers. This mini review provides a comprehensive review of the structural properties of spiropyran materials and their applications in various composites. It summarizes the preparation, synthesis, and molecular structure of spiropyran materials, analyzes the linkage between the modification design of spiropyran materials and the realization of their functions, and discusses the latest domestic and international research progress and application studies of various photochromic spiropyran materials. Finally, it envisions the future development direction of spiropyran materials.

Abstract:Zwitterionic polymers are characterized by an equal number of positive and negative charges, resulting in an overall electrical neutrality. Attributed to their robust hydrating effect facilitated by electrostatic interactions with water molecules, zwitterionic polymers display notable resistance against nonspecific protein absorption, bacterial and platelet adhesion. Consequently, these polymers demonstrate outstanding antibiofouling properties, prompting widespread attention for their application in biomedical and engineering domains. This article provides an overview of the anti-biofouling mechanisms of zwitterionic polymers, focusing on hydration effects and spatial effects. Leveraging their anti-biofouling properties, zwitterionic polymers find application in the development of fouling-resistant coatings and antibacterial coatings for medical devices and biosensors. Additionally, owing to their anti-immune rejection properties and interfacial lubrication characteristics, these polymers have been employed in areas such as drug delivery, wound healing, and orthopedic materials. The paper reviews the progress in the application of zwitterionic polymers, analyzes existing challenges in practical implementation, and outlines the potential future prospects in their applications.

Abstract:Gelatin-based composite films have been widely used in food packaging due to their excellent mechanical properties, barrier properties, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. This paper reviews the preparation methods and research progress of gelatin-based composite films in the field of food packaging. Firstly, the properties and advantages of gelatin are summarized. Then the preparation methods of gelatin-based composite films are described in detail, including solution casting, melt extrusion, film coating and electrostatic spinning. Then the current research status of plasticizers for gelatin-based films and gelatin-based composite films is analyzed, covering the composite systems of gelatin with glycoconjugates, phenolic compounds, proteins and nanomaterials. In terms of applications, the focus is on the use of gelatin-based composite films in fruit and vegetable preservation, meat preservation and other food products. Finally, a brief outlook on the development of gelatin-based composite films in the field of food packaging is given.

Abstract:Nanofiber-based forward osmosis (FO)/reverse osmosis (RO) composite membranes have garnered significant attention in the field of membrane separation. Their unique structure and performance characteristics have paved the way for new possibilities in membrane technology. These composite membranes leverage the high porosity and exceptional three-dimensional pore structure of nanofibers to efficiently retain solutes and enhance flux during the permeation process. This review focuses on highlighting the advantages of nanofiber support layers in FO/RO technologies, discussing methods for nanofiber fabrication, summarizing the recent applications of nanofiber FO/RO membranes across various domains, and offering insights into the prospects, application potential, and future development trends of nanofiber support layers.

Abstract:Peroxides are widely used in the field of water treatment, and have good removal effects on heavy metal ions, harmful bacteria and difficult to degrade organic matter in water bodies. Their research and development and popularization have become highly concerned topics in the field of environmental protection. Taking hydrogen peroxide as an example, this paper reviewed the mechanism of action of different activation modes of hydrogen peroxide in advanced oxidation in the water treatment process and its application research progress, and focused on ways to improve the application efficiency of hydrogen peroxide water treatment technology, from two aspects: activation of hydrogen peroxide and reduction of hydrogen peroxide consumption. The research and application of hydrogen peroxide catalyst activation, energy activation, combined use of various peroxides, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis of hydrogen peroxide in water treatment were discussed. Based on the current research, it is found that there is great research potential for new activation methods of peroxides. On this basis, this paper looks forward to expanding and accelerating the application and research of new peroxides in the field of water treatment and reducing the influence of peroxides on catalysts and stability in the system.

Abstract:Polycarbonate diol (PCDL) with different molecular weights was synthesized from hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and PCDL-2000, and three self-healing polyurethanes (PC-PUs) with different alicyclic-type hard-segment distributions were prepared by reacting PCDL as soft segments with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO). PC-PU was characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, AFM, 3D ultra- depth-of-field microscope, and electronic universal testing machine, the crystal structure, crystalline morphology, thermal stability, tensile properties and self-healing properties of PC-PU were tested, and the self-healing mechanism was investigated. The results showed that the crystallinity of PC-PU increased from 23.3% to 26.5%, the modulus of elasticity increased from 17.9 MPa to 62.7 MPa, the elongation at break decreased from 1420% to 1060%, and the tensile strength ranged between 18.6 MPa and 20.5 MPa as the distribution of the alicyclic-type hard segments was concentrated. Based on the hydrogen bonding and the thermal movement of the soft segments, the self-healing efficiency of PC-PU could be as high as 81.9%, indicating that the prepared PC-PU possessed both excellent mechanical properties and self-healing properties.

Abstract:A conductive polymer film P(CNPy-co-EDOT) with high electrochemical activity was prepared by copolymerization of N-2-cyanoethylpyrrole (CNPy) and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT). FT-IR spectrometer, SEM, electrochemical workstation and UV-Vis absorption spectrometer were used to characterize the molecular structure, microstructure, electrochemical and optical absorption properties of the polymer films. The electrochromic switching and open circuit stability of polymer films were evaluated by spectroelectrochemistry. The results showed that the introduction of the co-monomer EDOT could significantly enhance the electropolymerization capacity of the monomer CNPy, resulting in the formation of copolymer films with excellent electrochemical redox activity and optical absorption characteristics. These films exhibited a relatively low bandgap (1.70~2.32 eV) and a porous particle accumulation structure that facilitates electrolyte ion transport. Through optimizing the comonomer ratio to n(CNPy):n(EDOT)=3:7, the copolymer films had excellent multicolor electrochromic properties, showing good optical contrast (35.7%), fast response time (0.76 s), high coloring efficiency (219.6 cm2/C) and good open circuit memory performance in electrochromic properties. They also presented rich color variations from yellowish brown (?0.8 V), grass green (+0.4 V) to blue (+1.0 V), which hold potential application as electrochromic materials.

Abstract:Microgel (MG) suspension was prepared using 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and acrylamide (AM) as monomers by in-situ radical polymerization and mechanical crushing, and then the microgel reinforced polyacrylamide (MG-PAM) hydrogel was prepared by triggering polymerization with acrylamide (AM) solution. The structure and morphology of the hydrogel were characterized by FTIR and SEM, and its mechanical properties, swelling properties and energy dissipation properties were measured. The results show that: When the dosage of MG suspension is 40%, the compressive strength of the hydrogel can reach 25.42MPa (95% deformation), the tensile strength and the elongation at break can reach 201.2 KPa and 405.4 % respectively, and the hydrogel has good energy dissipation performance under different strains (70%, 80%). The hydrogel can also withstand different mechanical deformation. It has excellent mechanical properties.

Abstract:Nanocomposites with ordered bridged solid-liquid structures are prepared through a dual-material direct ink writing technique, using high-viscosity silicone rubber as the solid-phase ink and carbon black/low-viscosity silicone rubber as the liquid-phase ink. The printability of the two inks is evaluated by rotational rheometer, and the structures of the composites are characterized by optical microscopy and micro-CT. Tensile properties, electrical conductivity, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of the composites are investigated. The results show that the elongation at break, conductivity, and EMI shielding effectiveness increase with the increased bridging span of the liquid bridge, exhibiting high values up to 233%, 0.45 S/m, and 25 dB, respectively. Besides, negligible performance degradation is observed for the nanocomposites at external deformations, because the conductive liquid bridge remains always connected, giving it a great potential in applications such as flexible EMI shielding devices.

Abstract:A new strategy for designing and synthesizing carbon quantum dots with selective detection of metal ions using biomass sugarcane bagasse as a carbon source to obtain high photoluminescence sugarcane bagasse carbon quantum dots. Nitrogen phosphorus doped carbon quantum dots (N/P-CDs) were prepared by in-situ doping one-step hydrothermal method using diammonium dihydrogen phosphate as nitrogen and hosphorus sources. The morphology, structure, and fluorescence properties of doped carbon quantum dots were characterized by FL, XRD, UV-Vis, FT-IR, AFM and PL. The results showed that by controlling the mass ratio, hydrothermal reaction temperature, time, and material mass ratio, the absolute quantum yield of N/P-CDs reached 14.6%, with a size of approximately 10 nm. N/P-CDs exhibit excellent fluorescence erformance, exhibiting blue fluorescence under UV irradiation at a wavelength of 365 nm. Their maximum excitation wavelength is 330 nm and emission wavelength is 407 nm, showing sensitivity to Fe3+. A new strategy for preparing high photoluminescence carbon quantum dots by doping sugarcane bagasse with N and P elements has been proposed, which can provide a certain foundation for the high-quality utilization of sugarcane bagasse.

Abstract:This study aims to develop a new type of multifunctional phase change microcapsules (MPCM) suitable for the field of building materials, featuring both heat storage and radiation resistance capabilities. MPCM was prepared using a self-assembly method, and the introduction of barium with a high atomic number into its shell endowed MPCM with additional anti-ionizing radiation properties. This study comprehensively evaluated the chemical structure, phase change properties, thermal stability, and radiation shielding effectiveness of MPCM in cementitious materials. Experimental results showed that the prepared MPCM exhibited an ovoid or spheroidal shape, and its core-shell structure was physically interconnected, effectively maintaining the heat storage density of the phase change core material. The phase change temperature and latent heat of MPCM were 4.79°C and 101.13J/g, respectively, demonstrating good thermal stability. After 80 thermal cycles, the phase change temperature remained unchanged, and the latent heat decreased by only 5.23 J/g. Furthermore, MPCM was added to cement slurry. When incorporated into the cement slurry, the resulting MCP blocks exhibited significantly enhanced radiation shielding effects at lower photon energies. The linear attenuation coefficient of MCP10% blocks increased by 42.2% compared to the control group. This indicates that the addition of MPCM significantly enhanced the anti-ionizing radiation capability of cement materials, paving a new path for improving the performance of building materials. In summary, this study not only successfully prepared MPCM with excellent heat storage and radiation resistance properties but also expanded its potential applications in the field of building materials, providing a new approach to manufacturing building materials with enhanced environmental adaptability and energy efficiency.

Abstract:Mannitol (Man) as a medium-temperature and high-enthalpy phase change material has promising applications, but issues such as leakage and poor heat transfer remain limiting factors. Well-designed porous carbon carriers will have an improved effect on the phase transition process of sugar alcohols. This study utilized graphene oxide (GO) as a support framework to disperse and promote the in-situ growth of ZIF, and through high-temperature calcination, constructed a high thermal conductivity network porous carbon carrier (PC), achieving the modulation of the thermal properties of mannitol shape-stable phase change material (PC/Man). The heat of absorption of PC/Man reached 185.3 J/g, and after heating to 180 °C, there was almost no leakage within 30 minutes, and the thermal conductivity was increased by 36.86 % compared to mannitol. To further verify the heat transfer effect in the application process, Fluent software was used to simulate the solidification process of the heat storage material in a tubular heat exchanger, analyzing the relationship between temperature and liquid phase rate with time. The calculated results, along with experimental analysis, confirmed the excellent thermal conductivity of PC/Man. The ss-PCM prepared in this study has the characteristics of rapid heat absorption and release, with a large heat storage capacity, showing promising applications in the medium-temperature field.

Abstract:Tetrabutyl titanate and acetic acid were used as the raw materials to synthesize TiO2 nanocrystal through a hydrothermal reaction. TiO2 nanocrystal was further reacted with Bi(NO3)3 to prepare Bi2O3/TiO2 nanoparticles (BTH). Finally, the BTH@PDA nanoparticles (BTP) were obtained by coating with a polydopamine (PDA) layer. Morphology and composition of BTP were characterized by TEM, XRD and XPS. The biosafety, biocompatibility and the ability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation of BTP were evaluated through biosafety test, cytotoxicity assay, cellular uptake assay and ROS staining respectively. The results indicated that BTP exhibited a fusiform shape, with the longest side having a particle size of (125.18±14.66) nm. Zeta potential of BTP was (-4.17±0.33) mV. The BTP suspension showed no obvious toxicity towards L929 and 4T1 cells at concentrations significantly above the normal treatment (300 μg/mL). Meanwhile, BTP could enhance the therapeutic outcome of radiotherapy and effectively generate ROS in response to ultrasound. After co-irradiated by ultrasound and X-ray, BTP could reduce the survival rate of 4T1 cell to 34.3%. The cellular uptake of BTP by 4T1 cells was time-dependent, with the maximum uptake occurring around 12 hours.

Abstract:Three kinds of TiO2 supports (TiO2-G, TiO2-E and TiO2-H) were synthesized by using tetrabutyl titanate as raw material through hydrothermal method, and the active components Au and Pd were loaded onto the support by using sol-immobilization method to obtain three different AuPd/TiO2 catalysts, which were used for benzyl alcohol catalytic oxidation under solvent-free. By combining the characterizations of XRD, XPS, N2-BET, EPR and TEM, the influence of different oxygen vacancy contents in TiO2 carrier on the catalytic performance of AuPd/TiO2 in benzyl alcohol oxidation was investigated under solvent-free.The experimental results showed that the AuPd/TiO2-G with the highest oxygen vacancy content (0.198) and the smallest sized AuPd nanoparticles (1.83 nm) performed the best benzyl alcohol catalytic oxidation performance at 120 ℃, and the highest TOF value (70554 h-1) significantly better than AuPd/TiO2-H (39512 h-1) and AuPd/TiO2-E (14814 h-1 ). The reaction kinetics experiment results indicated that the AuPd/TiO2-G has the lowest apparent activation energy (55.77 kJ/mol), which is significantly lower than AuPd/TiO2-H (72.78 kJ/mol) and AuPd/TiO2-E (82.83 kJ/mol). A higher content of oxygen vacancy in the support is conducive to the formation of smaller-sized AuPd nanoparticles and a higher content of surface Pd0 species on the catalyst surface, which is the key to achieving the excellent catalytic activity of AuPd/TiO2-G in the benzyl alcohol catalytic oxidation reaction.

Abstract:Four different resins were prepared as adsorption medium for vanillin based on suspension polymerization and post-suspension double bond crosslinking, and different pore-making agents were used. The results showed that the PCL-PDE resin prepared from toluene as the pore-making agent has the best performance in the adsorption of vanillin. The static adsorption behavior of vanillin in single component aqueous solutions on the resin was systematically investigated using PCL-PDE resin as the adsorption medium. The adsorption capacity of PCL-PDE resin for vanillin was as high as 80.0 mg/g (wet resin) at an adsorption temperature of 25 °C and an initial concentration of 1.0 g/L. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption of vanillin by PCL-PDE resin was a fast and then slow process, reaching equilibrium within 180 min. The highest adsorption capacity fitted by the Langmuir adsorption model was 240.4 mg/g, and the exponents n fitted by the Freundlich adsorption model were all greater than 1, indicating that the adsorption was preferential. The thermodynamic calculations showed that the adsorption process was a spontaneous exothermic process (ΔG < 0, ΔH < 0).

Abstract:Phenolated pyridine-based porous ionic polymers (Py-PiP OH) was synthesized in one step through Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction. The structure, morphology and thermal stability of PY-PIP OH were characterized by FTIR, XPS, SEM, XRD and TG. The pore parameters and CO₂ adsorption properties of Py-PiP OH were analyzed by N₂ and CO₂ adsorption-desorption measurements, respectively. The results showed that the Py-PiP OH framework had abundant phenolic hydroxyl, pyridinium ionic liquid units and microporous structures. The specific surface area (S_BET) of Py-PiP OH is 155.4 m₂^{/g, and the adsorption capacity of CO}₂ is 37.1 cm₃^/g at 273 K and 0.1 MPa. Py-PiP OH showed excellent catalytic performance in the cycloaddition reaction of CO₂ with a 4-(chloromethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one yield of 96.3% at 100 ℃, 1.0 MPa and without any cocatalyst for 12 h. When simulated exhaust gas (15% CO₂+85% N₂, volume ratio) was used as raw material, the yield of 4-(chloromethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one could still reach 90.3% at 100 °C and 3.0 MPa for 24 h. The effects of temperature, pressure and other reaction conditions on the cycloaddition of epichlorohydrin and CO₂ were investigated. Moreover, Py-PiP OH presented good substrate expansibility and could be reused for 5 times without significant loss of catalytic activity and selectivity.

Abstract:Traditional organic solvents extracting the artemisinin suffered from large solvent consumption, long recovery time, and high energy consumption. To solve these problems, a dual-circulation CO2?switchable solvent system based on fatty acid was proposed. The extraction of artemisinin by fatty acids was the "outer cycle", and the CO2?controllable polyether amine was the "inner cycle". This dual-circulation system realized the efficient extraction of artemisinin and facile solvent recovery. The orthogonal experiments showed the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: the liquid-solid ratio of 20 mL/g, the ultrasonication time of 1 h, the extraction temperature of 50 ℃, and the extraction time of 2.5 h. Under this condition, the artemisinin amount extracted by n-heptanoic acid was 4.85 mg/g. After separation by polyether amine aqueous solution, the artemisinin amount was 4.37 mg/g. The cycling experiments demonstrated that the extraction amount of artemisinin in the fourth cycle was 78% of that extracted by the fresh solvent. The investigation of the extraction mechanism indicated that the Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding were the main molecular interactions in the extraction. The proposed dual-circulation CO2?switchable solvent system based on fatty acids provides a green and sustainable method for artemisinin extraction, which has a broad application prospect.

Abstract:We designed a composite carrier containing oxygen vacancy defects for anchoring Pt single-atom electrocatalyst Pt SA/TiO2(OV)-CNT. The TiO2-CNT composite carrier was synthesized by solgel method, a large number of oxygen vacancy defects were introduced on its surface by high temperature heat treatment, and finally Pt SA was loaded on TiO2(OV)-CNT by the deposition-precipitation method. The structure and microscopic morphology of the composites were characterized by XRD, EPR, HAADF-STEM and XPS. The results showed that oxygen vacancy defects were successfully introduced on TiO2-CNT and Pt SA existed in the TiO2(OV)-CNT lattice, with charge transfer between the two to form Strong metal-support interactions (SMSI). Further oxygen reduction results showed that Pt SA/TiO2(OV)-CNT had a half-wave potential of 0.804 V, a mass activity MA of 451.24 mg/mgPt, and a Tafel slope of 63.75 mV/dec. The ICP results show that the Pt loading is only 1.13 % of the mass of Pt SA/TiO2(OV)-CNT, which indicated that Pt SA /TiO2(OV)-CNT catalyst can still exhibit excellent catalytic activity with low Pt loading and high atom utilization compared with commercial Pt/C catalysts. Key words: oxygen reduction; composite carrier; single atom; half-wave potential; mass activity; atomic

Abstract:This paper investigated the cultivation and stability of algae-bacteria granular sludge (ABGS) in inorganic wastewater, aiming to provide technical support for the treatment of ionic rare earth mine wastewater. Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and algal liquid were inoculated to start the photo-sequencing batch reactor, and coagulant was regularly added to promote the rapid enrichment of algae in Days 1-45. During the operation, the number and particle size of AGS decreased continuously, but algae gradually enriched. The algae-bacteria symbiosis system was successfully constructed on Day 42, and mature ABGS was cultured on Day 129. On Day 145, the average particle size and sludge concentration of ABGS were 0.46 mm and 1750 mg/L, respectively, the SVI was 51.43 mL/g, the Chlorophyll a content of sludge was 17.48 mg/L, the dominant bacterial genera were Blastopirellula (relative abundance of 16.70%), SM1A02 (relative abundance of 12.91%), Nitrosomonas (relative abundance of 7.78%), etc, and the dominant algae was Chlorella (relative abundance of 88.06%). The removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) fluctuated greatly in Days 1-67 and 105-131, and the removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen and TIN were basically close to 100 % and 60 % in Days 68-104 and 132-145, respectively. The oxygen production rate of algae showed a overall decreasing trend, and remained at approximately 15 mgO2/(L·h)-1 from Day 100. The contribution rate of algae for TIN removal was gradually decreased from approximately 100% to 15 % calculated by algae assimilation model and TIN in the influent and effluent.

Abstract:Based on the dry and wet integrated dissociation technique, the low-grade iron-containing attpulgite (APT) from Baiyin, Gansu was treated to produce modified and refined attapulgite (SAPT). Subsequently, an in-situ reduced attapulgite (HAPT) catalytic material was prepared using hydrogen as the reductant through a high-temperature in-situ reduction method. The degradation performance of sulfadiazine (SDZ), one kind of antibiotics, under the persulfate (PDS) system using HAPT was investigated. In this work, we carefully investigated the effects of various parameters, including HAPT dosage, PDS concentration, initial SDZ concentration, initial pH, and temperature, on the degradation of SDZ. The results demonstrated that at a HAPT dosage was 2 g/L, a PDS concentration was 3.6 mmol/L, an initial SDZ concentration of 10 mg/L, an initial pH was 3, and a temperature of 30 ℃, the degradation rate of SDZ in the HAPT/PDS system reached 99.97% within 4 hours. Further analysis using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and free radical quenching experiments reveal that the main active species in the HAPT/PDS system were sulfate radicals (SO4?-) and hydroxyl radicals (?OH), with SO4?- playing a dominant role. Furthermore, the addition of hydroxylamine effectively accelerated the remove of sulfadiazine. This work presents a novel method for treating antibiotic wastewater using low-grade attapulgite as a raw material, thus achieving the high-value utilization of attapulgite resources.

Abstract:TiO2-OV photocatalyst with suitable content of oxygen vacancy (OV) were prepared by a simple solid-state chemical reduction method using nano TiO2 (P25) as raw material. XRD, SEM, XPS, EPR and UV-Vis DRS spectra were used to test the structure, morphology, elemental composition, OV content and energy band structure of TiO2-OV, respectively. Combined with photocatalysis experiment and photoelectric chemical measurement, the photocatalytic H2O2 production by TiO2-OV prepared with different amounts of NaBH4 (when the amount of P25 is 2.0g, the same below) was investigated. And the photocatalytic reaction mechanism was speculated based on the capture experiment of active species. The results show that TiO2-OV is a highly crystalline mixture of anatase and rutile phase. When the amount of NaBH4 was 10 mg, the direct band gap energy (Eg) of the prepared material TiO2-OV-10 is 2.77 eV, and the conduction band (CB) is -0.84 eV, showing the best photocatalytic H2O2 performance. The production efficiency of H2O2 was 1752.8 μmol/(g·h) under simulated sunlight irradiation. The reason why the photocatalytic H2O2 production efficiency can be shown after NaBH4 heat treatment reduction is that OV is generated on the surface of TiO2, and oxygen vacancy with appropriate concentration can be used as an electron trap, thus improving the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole. After 4 times of recycling, the catalytic performance decreased slightly. The active species of H2O2 photocatalyzed by TiO2-OV are superoxide radical (?O2-), hydroxyl radical (?OH) and hole (h+). In addition, CH3OH plays an important role in promoting photocarrier separation and generating H2O2. This paper provides a reference for the design strategy of semiconductor photocatalyst and a new perspective for understanding the mechanism of photocatalytic production of H2O2.

Abstract:Oily sludge carbon-based materials (OSC-X, X represents the calcination temperature, 500,600,700,800 and 900 °C, respectively) were prepared by pyrolysis method, and SEM, EDS, XRD, and XPS were used to analyze the microscopic morphology and elemental valence of the materials. On the degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) by OSC-800/PMS/GA, the effects of various systems, the temperature at which the carbon-based materials were pyrolyzed, the mass concentrations of gallic acid (GA) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS), the initial pH of the solution, the reaction temperature, and the concentration of pollutants were examined，the mechanism of PNP degradation by OSC-800/PMS/GA was explored. The findings demonstrated that the valence cycle between Fe3+ and Fe2+ and the surface hydroxyl groups on OSC-800 were involved in the activation of PMS and that adding GA greatly accelerated OSC-800 of catalytic degradation of PNP. The degradation rate of PNP by this system (OSC-800/PMS/GA) at 100 min was 88.14%, and the degradation process was consistent with the quasi-primary kinetic model. These conditions included an OSC-800 mass concentration of 2 g/L, a solution initial pH of 6.7, PMS molar concentration of 1.4 mmol/L, GA molar concentration of 0.25 mmol/L, PNP mass concentration of 20 mg/L, and a reaction temperature of 25 °C. There was a 2.42-fold increase in the degradation rate constant of PNP compared to the OSC-800/PMS system, a 1.65-fold increase in the COD elimination rate, and a 2.94-fold increase in the PMS utilization rate. Four kinds of reactive oxygen species (ROS), SO4??, ?OH, ?O2? and 1O2 were produced during the reaction.

Abstract:The present study describes the fabrication of lignin-based drug microcapsules loaded with abscisic acid (ABA) through a self-assembly method, employing amine-modified sodium lignosulfonate (ASL) as the wall material and ABA as the core material (ABA@ASL). The ABA@ASL exhibits a regular spherical morphology with a drug loading efficiency of 37% and an encapsulation rate of 74%, demonstrating exceptional characteristics in terms of sustained drug release and resistance to photolysis. Then, the drug-sustained-release paper-based mulch was fabricated by coating ABA@ASL and biofriendly carnauba emulsion on the paper substrate. The paper-based mulch exhibits excellent mechanical and hydrophobic properties, with a dry tensile energy absorption value of 50.98 J/m_², a wet tensile energy absorption value of 17.02 J/m_², and a water contact angle reaching up to 103°. The moisture retention rate of soil 5 cm below the surface, after a 7-day application of paper-based mulch, reached an impressive 73%. Furthermore, the thermal insulation performance of this paper-based mulch was found to be comparable to that achieved with polyethylene plastic film. Additionally, the paper-based film exhibited a degradation rate exceeding 80% after 100 days in the soil burial degradation experiment, owing to the environmentally friendly and biodegradable nature of the bio-based material throughout the entire process.

Abstract:Dendritic mesoporous nanomaterials (DMSNs) were prepared by a bicontinuous microemulsion method using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and urea as raw materials, and Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a template. The effects of reaction time, TEOS addition (based on the percentage of p-xylene, the same below), co-solvent, stirring rate and reaction temperature on the morphology, particle size and pore size distribution of DMSNs were investigated by SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD and N2 adsorption-desorption. The ability of DMSNs nanofluids to change rock wettability to improve oil recovery was explored. The competitive nucleation and growth mechanism during the formation of mesoporous nanomaterials was proposed to evaluate the wettability reversal effect of DMSNs. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the preparation of DMSNs were as follows: reaction time 6 h, TEOS addition amount 25%, ethylene glycol as co-solvent, stirring rate 1000 r / min and reaction temperature 85 °C. Under these conditions, the average particle size of DMSNs was 91 nm, the specific surface area was 1094.75 m2/g, the pore volume was 1.862 m3/g, and the average pore size was 6.1 nm. The surface of DMSNs has a special wrinkle morphology, showing a " flake / layered " flower-like mesoporous structure. The DMSNs nanofluid with 0.1% DMSNs content can change the wettability of rock from oil-wet to water-wet, and the contact angle increases from 0 ° to 132 °, which can effectively change the wettability of rock and significantly improve the tertiary oil recovery (39.6%). The competitive nucleation and growth mechanisms in the formation of DMSNs are three processes, namely initial nucleation, longitudinal growth, and secondary nucleation + lateral growth.

Abstract:5-substituted isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid ester compounds are widely used in the study of active molecules such as drugs,bactericides and herbicides, Therefore, it is particularly important to study and develop large-scale preparation routes for these compounds. In this paper, 27 5-alkyl or aryl substituted methyl isoxazol-3-carboxylate molecules are synthesized by one-pot method, The intermediate products do not require separation and purification treatment, and the operating process is simple. At the same time, reaction processes can be carried out in a single solvent methanol, which is easy to handle and recover. This process avoids the use of flammable base, such as butyl lithium, sodium hydride, or easily hygroscopic tertbutanol potassium, and more cheaper and milder sodium methoxide are used, which is safer and more operable in industrial scale production. At the same time, it also avoids the use of high cost solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, which are compatible with butyl lithium, sodium hydride, and potassium tertbutanol, reducing production costs. Most importantly, after the end of the reaction, most of the solid products are precipitated in the form of crystals, which can be obtained by direct filtration without further purification, and the purity can basically reach more than 95%. The whole synthesis process is safe and simple, suitable for large-scale batch preparation.