Abstract:Janus nanoparticles are a kind of nanomaterials with anisotropic spatial or physical and chemical properties, which have attracted wide attention due to their unique properties and applications in functional coatings, environment, catalysis, biomedicine and other fields. The side-by-side distribution of different nanoparticles provides a flexible platform for customizing Janus nanoparticles with rich functions, compared with traditional homogeneous nanoparticles, functional Janus nanoparticles expand more emerging applications by two or a combination of functions. The strategies for preparing functional Janus nanoparticles which are developing rapidly at present, such as magnetic responsiveness, catalysis, asymmetric infiltration and self-actuation, are specifically discussed. At the same time, a number of applications enabled by functional Janus nanoparticles are introduced and the existing problems are analyzed. Finally, this article is concluded with future directions and outlooks with respect to both syntheses and applications of functional Janus nanoparticles in order to provide ideas for relevant researchers.

Abstract:As a zero-carbon fuel and a hydrogen carrier, ammonia has great storage and transportation advantages. Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) is a clean and efficient power generation device, which has promising application prospects in distributed power generation, combined heat and power generation, energy storage and peaking, etc. Ammonia can be used directly as SOFCs anode fuel for efficient, clean, low-cost power generation. The working principles of proton-conducting and oxygen ion-conducting ammonia SOFCs, the electrolyte and electrode materials, and the decomposition process of ammonia at the anode were introduced firstly. Based on this, the experimental research status of ammonia SOFCs was summarized. Using the maximum power density of single cell as evaluation indicator, the performance of two types ammonia SOFCs with different electrolytes and electrode materials, electrolyte thicknesses, and temperatures were reviewed. And the reasons for the difference in cell performance were analyzed. After that, the current challenges of ammonia SOFCs were introduced, and eventually the future research direction of ammonia SOFCs and the application of combined heat and power system were prospected.

Abstract:The application of photocatalytic technology in the field of water treatment can improve water quality safety and also alleviate the global energy and water shortage problems, which is a technology with wide application prospects. This paper firstly introduces the basic principle of photocatalytic technology and the characteristics of commonly used photocatalysts, reviews the research progress and development direction of photocatalytic technology in drinking water and wastewater treatment applications, focuses on the application of photocatalytic technology in drinking water for odor removal and disinfection, in dye wastewater, oil-containing wastewater, pharmaceutical wastewater, catalytic reduction of heavy metal ions, breeding wastewater, coking wastewater, and provides a reference for similar pollution Finally, the development of photocatalytic technology and photocatalysts is presented.

Abstract:Solar steam generation (SSG), as an efficient and sustainable method for obtaining water resources, has received widespread attention in recent years. Biomimetic solar steam evaporator (B-SSG) has shown great potential in improving energy conversion efficiency, reducing salt crystallization, and resisting pollution. This paper reviews the application of bionics in the field of solar steam generation in recent years. The structure, performance, and biomimetic mechanism of B-SSG were compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of different types of biomimetic evaporators were discussed. The common problems faced by B-SSG were explored, and future research challenges were proposed. This provides a theoretical analysis basis for achieving efficient water purification of B-SSG. The B-SSG designed based on biomimetic principles has broad application prospects and plays an important role in solving problems such as freshwater resource scarcity and energy shortage.

Abstract:With the development of wearable devices and the improvement of public awareness of environmental protection, the development of high-performance and green economic flexible electrochemical energy storage devices has become a research hotspot. Using biomass as a precursor to prepare energy storage materials with excellent performance can significantly reduce production costs and realize sustainable utilization of carbon resources, which has great development potential and practical application value. According to the composition and configuration of biomass-based flexible supercapacitors, this paper describes the electrode materials, flexible membranes and various assembly methods of flexible supercapacitors, introduces the electrode materials of flexible supercapacitors, analyzes the characteristics and advantages of wood based, cellulose gel based, paper based and biomass waste electrode materials, and expounds the research status of biomass-based flexible membranes. Including cellulose paper diaphragm and biological diaphragm; In addition, according to the overall performance and application field, three kinds of flexible supercapacitors are introduced: stacked type (sandwich type), interdigital type (micro-interdigital type), fiber type (linear type), and the performance differences of flexible supercapacitors with different assembly modes are compared. Finally, the challenges of biomass materials used in flexible supercapacitors are analyzed, and the future development direction of flexible devices is prospected.

Abstract:Nitrate concentration in the environment has increased due to human industrial and agricultural activities, and the use of electrocatalytic technology to reduce nitrate to ammonia is in line with the "two-carbon" policy, which achieves the dual purpose of nitrate pollution removal and ammonia preparation. The paper reviews the reaction mechanism of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction by copper-based materials and analyses the origin of the advantageous properties of different copper-based catalytic materials from the perspective of the reaction mechanism. The performance of different copper-based catalytic materials for nitrate reduction of ammonia synthesis is summarised around the analysis of a large number of research examples of copper monoatoms, monometallic copper, copper-based alloys, copper-based oxides and copper-metal organic frameworks. By analysing the influencing factors on nitrate reduction of copper-based materials, the current problems are discussed with a view to providing reference for the development and practical application of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction of ammonia from copper-based catalysts in the future.

Abstract:MXene is an emerging two-dimensional nanomaterial with tunable composition, controllable structure and excellent photothermal properties. MXene can absorb incident light and efficiently convert it into thermal energy, which provides a new way for the effective utilization of solar energy, and its incorporation into polymer matrix can give polymer-based composites excellent photothermal properties and broaden the scope of composite applications, and thus is widely studied. Polymer-based MXene composites with photothermal properties have a wide range of promising applications in desalination, personal thermal management, photothermal antibacterial and photothermal tumor treatment. This paper summarizes the preparation methods of MXene and polymer-based MXene composites, introduces the photothermal conversion mechanism of photothermal materials, reviews the research progress of polymer-based MXene composites in photothermal conversion, and finally outlooks the challenges and future development directions of polymer-based MXene composites with photothermal properties in applications.

Abstract:This study investigates the impact of different substitutions of dihydroxyl dyes on the properties of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) emulsion and its film formation. A waterborne polyurethane emulsion is synthesized using isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polytetrahydrofuran (PTMG), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMPA), and 1,4-butanediol (BDO). ARWPUA-1~3 colored polyurethane emulsion is prepared by employing Acid red 87 as a chain extender partly instead of BDO, while ARWPUB-1~3 colored polyurethane emulsion is obtained by partly replacing PTMG with a soft segment. WPU/AR is obtained by physical blending of dye and waterborne polyurethanes. The chemical structure of the samples are characterized through FTIR and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. Furthermore, this paper investigates the storage stability, solvent resistance, color fastness to dry/wet friction, and mechanical properties of the colored waterborne polyurethanes produced through different substitution processes. Molecular dynamics simulation is employed to analyze the binding energy of polyurethane systems prepared via distinct substitution methods. The experimental findings indicate that ARWPUA-2 exhibits excellent storage stability, with a storage time exceeding 6 months. Moreover, It demonstrates resistance to dissolution when exposed to hot water, NaOH, HCl, toluene, and other solvents. The material also exhibits favorable color fastness to dry/wet friction and possesses high mechanical properties, including increased tensile strength from 13.8 MPa to 22.6 MPa, along with an elongation at break of 810%.

Abstract:Perillaldehyde (PA) is an environment-friendly natural active ingredient extracted from plants that have been proven to possess antibacterial and antioxidant properties. However, the volatile nature and water-insolubility of PA limit its application. In this study, PA/MβCD inclusion nanofibers (PA/MβCD-IC-NF) were prepared by electrospinning technology. The microstructure of the fibers was characterized by SEM, and the results showed that the diameter distribution of PA/MβCD-IC-NF was relatively uniform and the surface was free of beads, with an average diameter of 134 ± 60 nm. _¹H NMR, XRD, FT-IR, and molecular simulation prove that PA was successfully encapsulated in the cyclodextrin cavity, forming PA/MβCD inclusion complex (PA/MβCD-IC). In addition, the results of TGA and phase solubility study displayed that the thermal stability and water solubility of PA were significantly enhanced after the formation of PA/MβCD-IC-NF. The antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of the encapsulated nanofibers were evaluated and the results showed that the antioxidant activity of PA/MβCD-IC-NF was significantly better than that of PA, and the inhibitory rate against E. coli and S. aureus were 96.2±0.1% and 94.0±0.3%, respectively.

Abstract:The photo-oxidation caused by sunlight exposure has damaged the clear coat layer of the car. How to improve the anti-aging performance of the coating has become the focus of research. Adding hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) to the clear coat paint is an important method to extend the life of the car clear coat. Therefore, a novel hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) was designed and synthesized. Triphosgene and N-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine were used as starting materials to obtain intermediate Ⅰ through nucleophilic substitution reaction, and then reacted with hexanediamine piperidine to generate intermediate Ⅱ, and finally hydrolyzed to obtain the target compound TM-3. The structure of TM-3 was confirmed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Its UV absorption performance, thermal stability, light stability and solubility were studied. The results show that the novel HALS TM-3 has strong absorption at 210nm; good thermal stability, it can maintain thermal stability below 400°C and can withstand higher temperatures; due to the introduction of hydrophilic hydroxyl group, it has better solubility in aqueous organic solvents than HALS 770; comparing TM-3 and HALS 770 in car clear coat paint, In terms of chromatic aberration, the sample with TM-3 added had a chromatic aberration of 6.01 after 800 h of simulated ultraviolet irradiation, while the sample with HALS 770 added had a chromatic aberration of 6.72; similarly, in terms of gloss loss rate, the sample with TM-3 added had a gloss loss rate of 4.6% after 800 h of simulated ultraviolet irradiation, while the sample with HALS 770 added had a gloss loss rate of 6.7%. It can be seen that TM-3 has better light stability than HALS 770. The novel hindered amine light stabilizer TM-3 has potential commercial application prospects in the aging resistance of car clear coat coating.

Abstract:In order to solve the issue of poor recyclability of oil/water separated filter membrane, tannic acid-copper (TA-CuⅡ) was adhered by supramolecular binder of tannic acid-polyvinyl alcohol (TA-PVA) to form tannic acid-polyvinyl alcohol-copper (TA-PVA-CuⅡ) coating modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) filter membrane, and the superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic TA-PVA-CuⅡ@PVDF membrane with stable micro-nano coating was prepared. The results showed that under the function of hydrophilic micro-nano coating of TA-PVA-CuⅡ, the water contact angle and underwater oil contact angle of TA-PVA-CuⅡ@PVDF membrane respectively was 0° and 151.0°. In addition, the membrane flux and separation efficiency of TA-PVA-CuⅡ@PVDF membrane about emulsified oil could reach 1169.30 L/(m2·h) and 99.99%, respectively, which exhibited excellent oil/water separation performance. Moreover, the effect of CuⅡ modification time on the recyclability and coating durability of TA-PVA-CuⅡ@PVDF membrane was compared and analyzed. It was found that the TA-PVA-CuⅡ@PVDF membrane modified by CuⅡ for 20 min had the best recyclability and coating durability with 15 cycles of separation times and the flux change rate of which was 6.6%.

Abstract:The chopped glass fibers (GF) were first modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) (GF-KH550), and then were coated by a layer of hyperbranched polyphosphamide (HBPN) to form interfacial flame-retarded GF@HBPN by in situ polymerization among phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) and 4, 4-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) with triethylamine as acid binding agent and catalyst. Then a series of polylactic acid (PLA) composites including GF-KH550/PLA、GF@HBPN/PLA and APP/GF@HBPN/PLA composites were prepared by mixing various GF (GF-KH550 or GF@HBPN) with ammonium polyphosphate (APP). Their thermal, mechanical, and flame-retarding properties were systematically characterized and analyzed. Compared with neat PLA, GF-KH550/PLA composites exhibited significantly improved tensile strength but seriously worsened flammability caused by the obvious “candle wicking” effect of smooth GF, while GF@HBPN/PLA showed moderately enhanced tensile strength and improved flame-retardancy (passing UL-94 V-2 rating) due to the interfacial char residue formed by the pyrolysis of HBPN on the GF surface. To achieve a satisfied flame retardancy, APP was added into GF@HBPN/PLA composites. It is found that APP/GF@HBPN/PLA composite containing 10%APP and 30%GF@HBPN reached a high LOI value of 26.8% and achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating, moreover, its peak heat release rete (PHRR), total heat release (THR) and maximum mass loss rate (MLRmax) also decreased greatly in comparison with neat PLA, which were 31.39%, 23.57% and 49.26% respectively, illustrating superior fire safety of the above PLA composite.

Abstract:The 1-hexyl-3-aminoethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid [HAIM]BF4 was synthesized and applied to the modification of graphene. The ionic liquids modified graphene (G@ILs) were prepared by combining G powder with 1-hexyl-3-aminoethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid [HAIM]BF4 via a green and ball milling method. The resulting G@ILs were incorporated into acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) using a melt blending method to prepare G@ILs/ABS composites. The structure and properties of G@ILs were analyzed using various means such as X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman testing. The results show that [HAIM]BF4 effectively modifies graphene through cation-π interactions and maintains the structural integrity of graphene. The G@ILs/ABS composites exhibited considerable improvement in mechanical properties due to the unique properties of G@ILs. The tensile strength and bending modulus of G@ILs/ABS composite with 1%G@ILs are 42.40 MPa and 2145.01 MPa, which are 8.36% and 12.76% higher than that of ABS. In addition, the thermal conductivity of G@ILs/ABS composite with 1%G@ILs is 0.249 W·m-1·k-1, which is 21.5% higher than that of pure ABS.

Abstract:In2O3-CuO composites were prepared by hydrothermal method using InCl3.4H2O and Cu(NO3)2.3H2O as raw materials and urea as precipitant. The gas-sensitive properties and sensing mechanism of UV-activated In2O3-CuO composites were investigated by correlating microstructural characterization and macroscopic gas-sensitive properties. The results show that the sensitivity of the In2O3-CuO composite is 298 for 50 ppm formaldehyde gas at room temperature (25 °C) under 375 nm UV light irradiation, which is 124 times more sensitive compared with pure In2O3 (2.4), and the great improvement of the gas-sensitive performance is attributed to the p-n heterojunction formed by In2O3 and CuO, and the synergistic photoactivation conditions produce a heterojunction interface of photogenerated electrons-hole with oxygen species (O2 and O2-) establishes a photoactivated adsorption-desorption cycle of oxygen, resulting in enhanced gas adsorption-desorption process and surface reaction of the material at room temperature. It provides a new strategy for the application of photosensitive materials and the design of room-temperature gas sensing materials.

Abstract:Electrochromism is widely used in the field of smart windows, but electrochromic materials still require external power to support them. The combination of solar cells and electrochromic materials can achieve intelligent color control without external power supply. The excellent performance of color changing cathodes and photoanodes are currently a research hot topic in photoelectrochromic devices.WO₃-MoO₃ thin films were prepared by hydrothermal method and their electrochromic performances were studied; TiO₂/CdS composite thin films were prepared by hydrothermal method combined with continuous ion layer deposition method, and their photoelectric conversion performances were studied. Finally, WO₃-MoO₃ thin film and TiO₂/CdS composite thin film were used as the color changing cathodes and photoanodes of the photoelectrochromic devices, respectively. WO₃/MoO₃-TiO₂/CdS photoelectrochromic devices. WO₃/MoO₃-TiO₂/CdS photoelectrochromic devices have a large optical modulation range (41.99% at 630nm) and higher coloration efficiency (35.787%), making them of great application value as smart windows in modern buildings, transportation tools, and other fields.

Abstract:Phosphorescent materials show good application prospects in optical sensing, biological imaging, anti-counterfeiting and other fields because of their excellent afterglow characteristics, simple preparation, low toxicity and other advantages. Large amounts of pickled skin (PS) offcut are produced easily during the leather making and abandon of leather products. It has been proved that PS can be used to prepare carbon dots (CDs) for anti-counterfeiting. The development of phosphorescent carbon dots (P-CDs) is expected to enrich the types of carbon dots with pickled skin and improve the anti-counterfeiting effect. In this paper, P-CDs were prepared by a one-step pyrolysis method using PS as carbon source and boric acid as boron source. The effects of PS content, reaction pH, reaction temperature and reaction time on the afterglow time of P-CDs were investigated. The results show that when the mass ratio of boric acid to PS is 3:0.12, the reaction pH is 7, the reaction temperature is 225 ℃, and the reaction time is 7.5 h, the afterglow time of P-CDs is the longest, reaching 12 s. The material has an emission wavelength of 520 nm, corresponding to a bright green afterglow. It is found that the average particle size of P-CDs is about 4.42 nm, which has a typical graphite structure. Boron atoms are successfully incorporated into the P-CDs to form C-B, B-O conjugate chain structure, which stabilizes the triple excited state and prolongs the afterglow time. It presents potential application value in the field of anti-counterfeiting and information encryption.

Abstract:A novel two-photon fluorescence environment sensitive probe 2,5-dicyano-4-methyl-4’-(9-carbazolyl) stilbene (SP) with the push-pull electronic architecture (Donor-π-Acceptor (D-π-A)) derived from dicyanostilbene was developed. The unusually sensitive solvatochromism of SP varied from 412 nm in cyclohexane to 541 nm in DMSO in the emission maximum wavelengths. Compound SP with remarkably large two-photon absorption cross section (δTPA, δTPA = 6930 GM) exhibited very strong polarity- and temperature-dependence of fluorescence. The fluorescence quantum yield (Φ) of SP was quite high, and its maximum value reached 0.992 in cyclohexane. Its linearly dependent coefficients (R2) between the one- and two-photon emission intensities of SP and temperatures all reached 0.998 in both one-photon emission (OPE) and two-photon emission (TPF), and the function expressions were IF = -0.0141T + 1.2881 (OPE) and IF = -0.0143T + 1.2698 (TPE) (IF: fluorescence intensity; T: temperature (℃)), respectively. This clearly indicated that SP is a considerably ideal temperature probe and can also be used to detect polarities of solvents. SP is therefore also called an environment-sensitive probe. The successful applications of SP provide a brilliant prototype (relatively small molecule, high δTPA and Φ) for the developments of ideal two-photon fluorescence temperature probes.

Abstract:A two-dimensional coordination polymer [Sm(BCBI)(NO3)2·H2O]n (Sm-BCBI) was obtained by the reaction of 1,3-bis(4-carboxybenzyl)-benzimidazolium chloride (H2BCBI) with samarium nitrate under hydrothermal conditions. The N-heterocyclic carbene-silver functionalized samarium coordination polymer (NHC-Ag(I)@Sm-BCBI) was prepared by the reaction of Sm-BCBI with AgOAc to introduce the NHC-Ag(I) catalytic sites. Sm-BCBI and NHC-Ag(I)@Sm-BCBI were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, PXRD, TGA, XPS, ICP-OES, SEM and EDS. The results show that Sm-BCBI is a two-dimensional layer structure; the NHC-Ag(I)@Sm-BCBI catalyst has good thermal stability, and the silver in the catalyst exists in the form of +1 valence. The catalyst was applied to the carboxylation reaction of CO2 (0.1 MPa) with phenylacetylene to generate phenylpropiolic acid. Under the optimum reaction conditions of reaction temperature 50 °C, Cs2CO3 as base, DMF as solvent, NHC-Ag(I)@Sm-BCBI catalyst 70 mg (0.35%) and reaction time 16 h, the separation yield reaches 80%. The catalyst is easy to recycle, and the catalytic yield can still reach 60% after 4 cycles.

Abstract:Using visible light to convert CO₂ into CO and CH₄ is expected to solve the greenhouse effect and energy crisis at the same time. Z-scheme photocatalytic system has attracted widespread attention because it can minimize the recombination of photo generated electron-hole pairs and improve photocatalytic efficiency. In this work, g-C₃N₄/WO₃·H₂O (CNW-1) composite material was synthesized using hydrothermal method. The structure of catalysts was characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron microscopy, etc.. The visible photocatalytic CO₂ reduction performance of CNW-1 under 298 K and 0.1 MPa conditions was investigated, and a possible reaction mechanism was proposed. The different yield of CO and CH₄ can be obtained by adjusting the content of water of crystallization in tungsten trioxide. After 10 h of reaction, CNW-1 has the highest yield of CH₄ (0.33 μmolg_-1^{), while} g-C₃N₄/WO₃ (CNW) has the highest CO yield (0.67 μmolg_-1⁾. This study not only provides an effective strategy for the selective reduction of CO₂ to C1 compounds, but also highlights the potential application of g-C₃N₄ by construct Z-scheme photocatalytic systems for field of catalysis.

Abstract:With nickel nitrate γ-Al₂O₃ and ammonium carbonate, precipition of Ni/γ-Al₂O₃ by Deposition and Precipitation Method was applied to the catalytic hydrogenation of styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer (SIS). The catalysts and products were characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS, ^₁HNMR and DSC. The hydrogenation performance of SIS was investigated from the aspects of support type, load, reaction conditions and cycle times. The results showed that the catalyst showed the best activity when cyclohexane was used as solvent, reaction temperature was 140 ℃, and reaction pressure was 1 MPa. The block hydrogenation degree of polyisoprene reaches 85%, and the hydrogenation degree of the side reaction benzene ring is less than 10%.

Abstract:In order to obtain new molecular structure of antitumor drugs, nine heterocyclic amide compounds (Ⅱa ~ Ⅱi) were synthesized by using natural product isopimaric acid as the parent structure. The structures of target compouds were confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and TOF-MS. The anti-tumor activity test results revealed that all target compounds showed higher anti-tumor activities than the parent compound isopimaric acid. Especilly, the compound Ⅱd containing pyrazine heterocycles showed significant cell proliferation inhibitory activity against A375 cells, and its IC50 value was 13.34 μmol / L. It is expected to become an anti-tumor lead compound of isopimaric acid by further structural modification to improve its activity.

Abstract:β-carboline derivatives have been reported to possess multi-therapeutic potential owing to the manifestations of different pharmacological effects. In the current study, L-tryptophan was utilized as a starting material for the efficiently synthesis of several hybrid compounds of the type β-carboline N2-fused imidazole using aromatization, oxidation and decarboxylation reaction. The target products were obtained in good yields and were characterized by NMR (1H and 13C) and HRMS analysis. The newly synthesized β-carboline N2-fused imidazole derivatives were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against five cancer cells, namely, MCF-7, A-549, BGC-823, CT-26, and Bel-7402 using viability testing tetrazolium dye (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) (MTT). The results showed that most of the compounds exhibited moderate to excellent activity against the tested cancer cell lines. Especially compound 3-benzyl-11-(3-phenylpropyl)-11H-imidazo[1",5":1,2]pyrido[3,4-b]indole (Ⅴr), bearing a benzyl group in imidazole ring and a 3-phenylpropyl in β-carboline core, was found to be the most potent anti-proliferative agent against CT-26, Bel-7402, and MCF-7 cell lines with the IC50 values lower than 10 μmol/L. In molecular docking studies, blind docking of compounds 3-benzyl-11-methyl-11H-imidazo [1",5":1,2]pyrido[3,4-b]indole (Ⅴa), 3-benzyl-11-butyl-11H-imidazo[1",5":1,2]pyrido[3,4-b]indole (Ⅴf), and 3-benzyl-11-(3-phenylpropyl)-11H-imidazo[1",5":1,2]pyrido[3,4-b]indole (Ⅴr) were accomplished to find the interactions between the compounds and VEGFR2 enzyme.

Abstract:In order to ensure the safety of low-temperature flow in long-distance pipeline transportation of offshore crude oil, a ternary copolymer was synthesized using octadecyl acrylate, octadecene, and styrene as monomers. The polyolefin pour point depressant and wax inhibitor POOS was synthesized using it as the main agent. The synthesis conditions of the ternary copolymer were optimized, and the rheological properties, wax precipitation characteristics, microstructure, and pour point and wax reducing and preventing effects of the crude oil before and after the addition of the agent were evaluated. The results showed that the optimized synthesis process conditions for the copolymer were as follows: monomer molar ratio n(octadecyl acrylate): n(octadecene): n (styrene)=5:3:2, initiator benzoyl peroxide mass fraction 5 ‰, reaction temperature 70 ℃, and reaction time 8 hours. When the mass concentration of POOS is 200 mg/L, the rheological properties of crude oil show significant changes compared to non POOS crude oil. At 15 ℃, the yield stresses before and after adding the agent are 50.3 and 2.95 Pa, with a decrease of 94 % in yield stress. The wax precipitation temperature drops from 31.33 ℃ to 24.94 ℃, the pour point drops from 25 ℃ to 15 ℃, the cold index test shows a wax prevention rate of 88 %, and the ring test shows a wax prevention rate of 83.7 %. Microscopic analysis shows that the wax crystal morphology changes from needle shaped to circular shaped, and the precipitation distribution is uneven, Multiple small wax crystals aggregate and precipitate to form a single aggregate. Adding additives effectively improves the dispersion morphology of wax crystals, inhibits the formation of network structures, and significantly improves the low-temperature flow effect of crude oil.

Abstract:In this paper, an environmentally benign beta?cyclodextrin modified by maleic anhydride (MAH?β?CD) was prepared. A surfactant MJD230 was synthesized with CO₂ response through the electrostatic interaction between polyether diamine(Jeffamine D?230)and cyclodextrin modified by maleic anhydride under mild conditions. It effectively reduced the surface tension of aqueous solutions and aided the formation of a stable O/W emulsion. It shows switchability by bubbling CO₂, so that can be used repeatedly under the regulation of CO₂. The structure was characterized by FT-IR. The synthesis conditions of MJD230 were optimized via the viscosity reduction rate and emulsion particle size, and the viscosity reduction performance and stability were also investigated. Under the condition of mass fraction of 0.5% and oil-water volume ratio of 3:7, the viscosity reduction rate of MJD230 heavy oil can reach 99.19%. The reversible changes of pH and conductivity were used to prove the CO₂ responsiveness and repeatability of MJD230 solution. This provides the feasibility of a new enhanced heavy oil recovery technology combining surfactant flooding and CO₂ capture.

Abstract:During the process of reservoir fracturing modifaction, several key technical problems need to be solved urgently in Xinjiang oilfield reservoir development, such as difficulties of breaking gum in guar gum fracturing fluid system under low temperature, and poor effect of reservoir modification. To solve these problems, Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery technique was applied in guar gum fracturing fluid in the present study. The oil sludge was collected from the Shaofanggou group in Ji 7 block of Xinjiang Oilfield, and a strain, named XJ-21, that is capable of producing high-yield surfactant was obtained after enrichment culture, isolation and screening. This strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis according to its morphological, Gram staining and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The structure of bio-surfactant in XJ-21 strain metabolites was characterized was a substance that is consistent with the structure of the lipid peptide after Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. After combination of the XJ-21 strain with an exogenous strain ZW-027, the compound system has wide adaptability to reservoir environment. Under the conditions from 35~55 ℃, not only the jelly guar gum could be broken, but also the viscosity of crude oil in Xinjiang could be reduced. And the viscosity reduction rate reached 95.45% at 50 ℃ in the presence of compound system and the displacement efficiency can be increased by 10.14% on the basis of water flooding.

Abstract:Acrylic acid (AA), butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and vinyl triisopropoxy-silane (A-173) were used as polymeric monomers, benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and tert-butyl benzoate peroxide (TBPB) as initiators, macromolecular emulsifiers which can be used as emulsifiers for aqueous acrylate emulsion were synthesized. Then, water-based acrylic acid soap-free emulsion was synthesized by emulsion polymerization and mixed with pigment to prepare water-based ink. The structure and properties of polymers were characterized by FTIR, DSC, TEM and SEM. The effects of different amounts of initiator on macromolecular emulsifiers and the effects of different amounts of acrylic acid (AA) on soap-free aqueous acrylic emulsion and ink were investigated. The results showed that when the minimum surface tension of macromolecular emulsifier was 40.43 mN /m, the amount of AA in the water-based acrylic emulsion was 1.0% of the total monomer mass, the resin storage stability was good, the mechanical properties of the film was good, the tensile strength could reach 5 MPa, the elongation at break was 195%, and the glass transition temperature was 18.5 ℃. The prepared water-based ink has moderate viscosity, adhesion level of 1 and friction resistance level of 4.5.