Page 203 - 《精细化工》2020年第1期

第 37 卷第 1 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.37, No.1
202 0 年 1 月 FINE CHEMICALS Jan. 2020

建筑用化学品
端羟基双子季铵盐对聚羧酸盐减水剂抗泥性能的影响

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张 雪 ，张光华 ，蒋 婷 ，王 爽 ，张 策 ，崔鸿跃
（1. 陕西科技大学 陕西省轻化工助剂重点实验室，陕西 西安 710021；2. 山西省运城市泓翔建材有限公司，
山西 运城 044000）
摘要：以 1,4-对二氯苄为连接基团，分别以三乙胺和 N,N-二甲基乙醇胺为头基，合成了具有不同端基的双子季
铵盐（标记为 KNJ-1 和 KNJ-2）。将其作为抗泥剂与聚羧酸盐减水剂复配，以改善蒙脱土对减水剂的负面效应，
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探究了端羟基的引入对抗泥效果的影响。通过 FTIR 和 HNMR 对其进行了结构表征。净浆流动实验考察抗泥剂
的掺量对流动度的影响，并结合 XRD、XPS 和 Zeta 电位分析双子季铵盐与蒙脱土的作用机理。实验结果表明：
与未掺抗泥剂的水泥相比，加入质量分数 0.3‰ KNJ-2 使水泥初始净浆流动度提高了 35 mm，2 h 后流动度提高
了 175 mm，表现出显著的抗泥效果。XRD 和 XPS 结果表明，KNJ-2 在蒙脱土的表面和层间吸附均优于 KNJ-1；
Zeta 电位结果显示，KNJ-2 的加入使蒙脱土表面电位从初始的–15.67 mV 上升到–0.15 mV。表明羟基可通过氢键
作用优先吸附在蒙脱土的表面和层间，占据大量活性位点，减少了对聚羧酸盐减水剂的吸附，保障了减水剂的
高效分散能力，从而达到对蒙脱土负面影响抑制的效果。
关键词：双子季铵盐；聚羧酸盐减水剂；黏土；吸附；建筑用化学品
中图分类号：TU528.042.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2020) 01-0189-06

Effect of terminal hydroxyl quaternary ammonium salt on clay

resistance of polycarboxylate superplasticizer

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Zhang Xue , Zhang Guanghua , Jiang Ting , Wang Shuang ,
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Zhang Ce , Cui Hongyue
(1.Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi'an
710021, Shaanxi, China;2. Shanxi Yuncheng Hongxiang Building Materials Co.,Ltd. , Yuncheng 044000, Shanxi, China)
Abstract: Two Gemini quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized by using 1,4-p-dichlorobenzyl as
linking group and N, N-dimethylethanolamine (or triethylamine) as head group (labeled as KNJ-1 and
KNJ-2). They were used as anti-clay agent and compounded with polycarboxylate superplasticizer to
weaken the negative effect of the clay on the polycarboxylate superplasticizers. The effect of the terminal
hydroxyl group on the clay effect was investigated. Their structures were characterized by FTIR and
1 HNMR.The effect of anti-clay agent on the fluidity of cement paste was evaluated. The mechanism of
action between quaternary ammonium salt and montmorillonite was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Zeta potential measurement. The results showed that compared with
that of the cement without anti-clay agent, the addition of 0.3‰ mass fraction of KNJ-2 increased the initial
fluidity by 35 mm, and the fluidity increased by 175 mm after 2 hours, showing that KNJ-2 possessed a
prominent anti-clay advantage. XRD and XPS results revealed that the adsorption of KNJ-2 on the surface
and interlayers of montmorillonite was superior to that of KNJ-1. Zeta potential of montmorillonite was
increased from the initial –15.67 mV to –0.15 mV after the introduction of KNJ-2, It was found that
hydroxyl group can preferentially adsorb on the surface and interlayers of montmorillonite byhydrogen
bonds, occupying a large number of active sites, reducing the adsorption of polycarboxylate superplasticizer,
guaranteeing the efficient dispersing ability of the superplasticizer, and thereby inhibiting the negative
effects of montmorillonite.

收稿日期：2019-03-29; 定用日期：2019-05-29; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20190252
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（21176148）；陕西省教育厅重点实验室开放基金（14JS016）
作者简介：张 雪（1995—），女，硕士生，E-mail：zx1159926420@163.com。联系人：张光华（1962—），男，教授，E-mail：
zhanggh@sust.edu.cn。