Page 28 - 《精细化工》2021年第6期

·1090· 精细化工 FINE CHEMICALS 第 38 卷

械稳定性进行探索和研究。现有的抗冻水凝胶的电 heteronetwork organohydrogels with enhanced mechanical stability
over a wide temperature range[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8:
化学性能仍然有待提高，对导电聚合物或纳米颗粒 15911.
进行物理化学改性以提高其电化学性能可能是一种 [11] ZHANG X F, MA X F, HOU T, et al. Inorganic salts induce thermally
reversible and anti-freezing cellulose hydrogels[J]. Angewandte
有效的策略，实现水凝胶力学、导电和抗冻性能的 Chemie, International Edition in English, 2019, 58(22): 7366-7370.
协同调控将是重要的研究方向。 [12] WANG C, WIENER C G, SEPULVEDA-MEDINA P I, et al.
Antifreeze hydrogels from amphiphilic statistical copolymers[J].
（2）开发具有生物无毒性、生物相容性和生物 Chemistry of Materials, 2018, 31(1): 135-145.
可降解的抗冻水凝胶，实现生态环境的可持续发展。 [13] RANA H H, PARK J H, GUND G S, et al. Highly conducting,
extremely durable, phosphorylated cellulose-based ionogels for renewable
随着水凝胶在柔性电子领域的快速发展，各种柔性 flexible supercapacitors[J]. Energy Storage Materials, 2020, 25: 70-75.
电子器件大规模应用，如果器件处理不当会造成严 [14] WU J, WU Z X, HAN S J, et al. Extremely deformable, transparent,
and high-performance gas sensor based on ionic conductive hydrogel[J].
重的环境污染，通过开发无毒可降解的天然高分子 ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(2): 2364-2373.
聚合物及其衍生物来设计柔性电子器件可以有效缓 [15] LIU H Y, WANG X, CAO Y X, et al. Freezing-tolerant, highly
sensitive strain and pressure sensors assembled from ionic conductive
解这一问题。虽然基于纤维素、海藻酸钠等天然高 hydrogels with dynamic cross-links[J]. ACS Applied Materials &
分子类抗冻水凝胶已有报道，但还需要更多的研究 Interfaces, 2020, 12(22): 25334-25344.
[16] YANG Y Y, YANG Y T, CAO Y X, et al. Anti-freezing, resilient and
和探索，以实现这些环境友好型材料在柔性电子领 tough hydrogels for sensitive and large-range strain and pressure
sensors[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 403: 126431.
域的应用潜力。
[17] ZHOU S, GUO K C, BUKHVALOV D, et al. Cellulose hydrogels by
（3）设计优化装置的组装结构，提升器件的安 reversible ion-exchange as flexible pressure sensors[J]. Advanced
Materials Technologies, 2020, 5(9): 2000358.
全可靠性。以抗冻水凝胶为电解质集成组装的柔性
[18] ZHU M S, WANG X J, TANG H N, et al. Antifreezing hydrogel with
电子器件如超级电容器、传感器和电池，在实际使 high zinc reversibility for flexible and durable aqueous batteries by
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用过程中不免会出现挤压弯曲，这可能导致凝胶中 2019, 30(6): 1907218.
的液体漏出，特别是当凝胶中液体为乙二醇、甘油 [19] YU H M, ROUELLE N, QIU A D, et al. Hydrogen bonding
reinforced hydrogel electrolyte for flexible, robust and all-in-one
或 DMSO 等有机溶剂时，存在一定的安全隐患，这 supercapacitor with excellent low-temperature tolerance[J]. ACS
可以通过对器件的组装封装进行结构优化来解决。 Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2020, 12(34): 37977-37985.
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（4）优化改进器件的集成制造，提高器件的输 resistant double network alkaline gel polymer electrolyte with dual-role
出稳定性。与传统的金属等电子材料不同，由于水 koh for supercapacitor[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2019, 414: 201-209.
[21] MORELLE X P, ILLEPERUMA W R, TIAN K, et al. Highly
凝胶的模量低且含有大量的水，导致其与电子单元 stretchable and tough hydrogels below water freezing temperature[J].
间的集成容易连接不良，器件的输出性能受其界面 Advanced Materials, 2018, 30(35): 1801541.
[22] LI S H, PAN H Y, WANG Y T, et al. Polyelectrolyte complex-based
稳定性和循环使用性的影响，因此，开发电化学性 self-healing, fatigue-resistant and anti-freezing hydrogels as highly
能优异的新型电极材料并对器件的集成制造工艺进 sensitive ionic skins[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2020,
8(7): 3667-3675.
行优化改进成为研究重点。 [23] GUAN L, YAN S, LIU X, et al. Wearable strain sensors based on
casein-driven tough, adhesive and anti-freezing hydrogels for monitoring
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