Page 128 - 《精细化工》2023年第3期
P. 128
第 40 卷第 3 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.40, No.3
20 23 年 3 月 FINE CHEMICALS Mar. 2023
功能材料
改性 PU 海绵三维多孔界面蒸发器的制备及性能
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王 兴 ,郭小静 ,王慧迪 ,张 朵 ,薛朝华
(1. 陕西科技大学 轻工科学与工程学院,陕西 西安 710021;2. 陕西科技大学 材料科学与工程学院,
陕西 西安 710021;3. 陕西科技大学 化学与化工学院,陕西 西安 710021)
摘要:采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)对商用疏水聚氨酯海绵(简称 PU 海绵)进行亲水改性,并在其上面喷涂多壁碳纳
米管/聚二甲基硅氧烷(MWCNTs/PDMS)复合分散液,获得一侧超疏水另一侧亲水的三维多孔界面蒸发器。采
用 SEM、红外热像仪及紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计对涂层表面形貌、光热响应能力及反射率和透过率进行了
测试,并对构建的三维多孔界面蒸发器的性能进行了评价。结果表明,由 MWCNTs 含量(以 PDMS 预聚物质
量分数为 0.55%的四氢呋喃溶液的质量计,下同)为 0.5%的 MWCNTs/PDMS 复合分散液喷涂亲水改性的 PU 海
绵制得的三维多孔界面蒸发器表面温度为 81 ℃,吸收率为 98.57%,具有良好的透水汽性、光热性能、蒸发性
能、拒盐性能、脱盐性能、自清洁性能。该三维多孔界面蒸发器在盐水中进行蒸发作用时,其在 1 个太阳光强
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(1.0 kW/m )下的表面温度为 61.3 ℃,光热转换效率达 96.75%,在模拟海水(质量分数为 3.5%的 NaCl 溶液)
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蒸发过程中,蒸发速率可达 1.80 kg/(m ·h),而 PU 海绵的蒸发速率较低,仅为 0.44 kg/(m ·h)。
关键词:多壁碳纳米管;界面蒸发;Janus 结构;光热转换;功能材料
中图分类号:P747;TK519;TQ630 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5214 (2023) 03-0584-08
Fabrication and properties of three-dimensional porous
modified PU sponge interfacial evaporator
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WANG Xing , GUO Xiaojing , WANG Huidi , ZHANG Duo , XUE Chaohua
(1. College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an
710021, Shaanxi, China; 2. School of Materials Science & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology,
Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China; 3. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science &
Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China)
Abstract: A 3D porous interfacial evaporator with superhydrophobic front side and hydrophilic backside
was prepared from commercially hydrophobic polyurethane sponge (PU sponge), which was modified by
hydrophilic polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) and then sprayed by multi-wall carbon
nanotubes/polydimethylsiloxane (MWCNTs/PDMS) composite dispersion. The surface morphology,
photothermal response, reflectance and transmittance of the coating were then analyzed by SEM, infrared
thermal camera and UV-Visible-near-infrared spectrophotometer, followed by evaluation on the
performance of the three-dimensional porous interfacial evaporator constructed. The results showed that,
the 3D porous interfacial evaporator obtained with a MWCNTs content (based on the mass of PDMS
prepolymer with 0.55% mass fraction tetrahydrofuran solution, the same below) of 0.5% in the
MWCNTs/PDMS composite dispersion, exhibited a surface temperature of 81 ℃ and an absorption rate of
98.57%, as well as good water permeability, photothermal performance, evaporation performance, salt
rejection performance, desalting performance and self-cleaning performance. Under one sun illumination
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(1.0 kW/m ), the surface temperature of the 3D porous interfacial evaporator was 61.3 ℃, and the
photothermal conversion efficiency was 96.75%. In the simulation of seawater (mass fraction of 3.5% NaCl
收稿日期:2022-07-12; 定用日期:2022-09-05; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20220651
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(52103263);中国博士后科学基金(2020M683410);陕西省重点研发计划(2020ZDLGY13-11);陕西
省自然科学基金(2020JM-506)
作者简介:王 兴(1996—),女,硕士生,E-mail:2385234119@qq.com。联系人:郭小静(1989—),女,讲师,E-mail:
guoxiaojing2015@126.com;薛朝华(1974—),男,教授,E-mail:xuech@sust.edu.cn。