Page 128 - 《精细化工》2023年第3期
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第 40 卷第 3 期                             精   细   化   工                                  Vol.40, No.3
             20 23 年 3 月                             FINE CHEMICALS                                 Mar.  2023


              功能材料
                  改性 PU 海绵三维多孔界面蒸发器的制备及性能



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                             王   兴 ,郭小静 ,王慧迪 ,张   朵 ,薛朝华
                 (1.  陕西科技大学  轻工科学与工程学院,陕西  西安  710021;2.  陕西科技大学  材料科学与工程学院,
                 陕西  西安  710021;3.  陕西科技大学  化学与化工学院,陕西  西安  710021)
                 摘要:采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)对商用疏水聚氨酯海绵(简称 PU 海绵)进行亲水改性,并在其上面喷涂多壁碳纳
                 米管/聚二甲基硅氧烷(MWCNTs/PDMS)复合分散液,获得一侧超疏水另一侧亲水的三维多孔界面蒸发器。采
                 用 SEM、红外热像仪及紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计对涂层表面形貌、光热响应能力及反射率和透过率进行了
                 测试,并对构建的三维多孔界面蒸发器的性能进行了评价。结果表明,由 MWCNTs 含量(以 PDMS 预聚物质
                 量分数为 0.55%的四氢呋喃溶液的质量计,下同)为 0.5%的 MWCNTs/PDMS 复合分散液喷涂亲水改性的 PU 海
                 绵制得的三维多孔界面蒸发器表面温度为 81  ℃,吸收率为 98.57%,具有良好的透水汽性、光热性能、蒸发性
                 能、拒盐性能、脱盐性能、自清洁性能。该三维多孔界面蒸发器在盐水中进行蒸发作用时,其在 1 个太阳光强
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                 (1.0 kW/m )下的表面温度为 61.3  ℃,光热转换效率达 96.75%,在模拟海水(质量分数为 3.5%的 NaCl 溶液)
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                 蒸发过程中,蒸发速率可达 1.80 kg/(m ·h),而 PU 海绵的蒸发速率较低,仅为 0.44 kg/(m ·h)。
                 关键词:多壁碳纳米管;界面蒸发;Janus 结构;光热转换;功能材料
                 中图分类号:P747;TK519;TQ630      文献标识码:A      文章编号:1003-5214 (2023) 03-0584-08


                           Fabrication and properties of three-dimensional porous
                                   modified PU sponge interfacial evaporator


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                         WANG Xing , GUO Xiaojing , WANG Huidi , ZHANG Duo , XUE Chaohua
                 (1. College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an
                 710021, Shaanxi, China; 2. School of Materials Science  & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science  & Technology,
                 Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China; 3. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science  &
                 Technology, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China)
                 Abstract: A 3D porous interfacial evaporator with superhydrophobic front side and hydrophilic backside
                 was prepared from commercially hydrophobic polyurethane sponge (PU sponge), which was modified by
                 hydrophilic  polyvinyl-alcohol  (PVA)   and    then   sprayed   by   multi-wall  carbon
                 nanotubes/polydimethylsiloxane (MWCNTs/PDMS)  composite dispersion. The surface  morphology,
                 photothermal response, reflectance and transmittance of the coating were then analyzed by SEM, infrared
                 thermal camera and UV-Visible-near-infrared spectrophotometer, followed  by evaluation on the
                 performance of the three-dimensional porous interfacial evaporator constructed. The results showed that,
                 the 3D  porous interfacial evaporator  obtained with  a MWCNTs content (based on the mass of PDMS
                 prepolymer with 0.55% mass fraction tetrahydrofuran solution, the same below) of  0.5% in the
                 MWCNTs/PDMS composite dispersion, exhibited a surface temperature of 81  ℃  and an absorption rate of
                 98.57%, as well as good  water permeability, photothermal performance, evaporation performance, salt
                 rejection performance, desalting performance and self-cleaning performance. Under one sun illumination
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                 (1.0 kW/m ), the surface temperature of  the 3D porous interfacial evaporator  was 61.3  ℃, and the
                 photothermal conversion efficiency was 96.75%. In the simulation of seawater (mass fraction of 3.5% NaCl

                 收稿日期:2022-07-12;  定用日期:2022-09-05; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20220651
                 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(52103263);中国博士后科学基金(2020M683410);陕西省重点研发计划(2020ZDLGY13-11);陕西
                 省自然科学基金(2020JM-506)
                 作者简介:王   兴(1996—),女,硕士生,E-mail:2385234119@qq.com。联系人:郭小静(1989—),女,讲师,E-mail:
                 guoxiaojing2015@126.com;薛朝华(1974—),男,教授,E-mail:xuech@sust.edu.cn。
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