Page 169 - 《精细化工》2019年第11期
P. 169
第 36 卷第 11 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.36, No.11
2019 年 11 月 FINE CHEMICALS Nov. 2019
油田化学品与油品添加剂
复配菌对原油除蜡降黏效果分析
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王卫强,崔 静,吴尚书,李小玲,张海娟
(辽宁石油化工大学 石油天然气工程学院,辽宁 抚顺 113001)
摘要:为提高含蜡原油流动性能,从辽河油田附近经受原油污染的土壤中筛选出两株原油降解菌。经过 16S rRNA
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基因序列比对鉴定,菌株为纤维微菌属(Cellulosimicrobium sp.)和假单孢菌(Pseudomonas sp.),命名为 7 和
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12 。将筛选出的7 菌与12 菌优化复配使用,研究结果表明:复配菌对液体石蜡有乳化效果,当复配菌体积比为
1∶1 时,乳化率最高达到 77.5%;最适的生长温度为 35~40 ℃,pH=6~8,最佳接种量(体积分数)为 4%,复
配菌体积比为 1∶1,且培养基在初始 pH,即 pH=7 时复配菌生长状态最佳。复配菌在 37 ℃,pH=7 条件下对
原油处理 7 d 后,除蜡率为 61.32%,降黏率达到 31.58%;显微镜观察蜡晶变小,进一步说明菌株能够降解石蜡,
破坏蜡晶结构,提高含蜡原油的流动性能。
关键词:复配菌;优化;原油;乳化;降黏;除蜡;菌株鉴定;油品化学品
中图分类号:TE832;TE624.53 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5214 (2019) 11-2317-06
Effect of Compound Bacteria on Wax Removal and
Viscosity Reduction of Crude Oil
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WANG Wei-qiang, CUI Jing, WU Shang-shu, LI Xiao-ling, ZHANG Hai-juan
(College of Petroleum Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun 113001, Liaoning, China)
Abstract: In order to improve the flow performance of waxy crude oil, two strains which can degrade crude
oil were isolated from the oil contaminated soil near Liaohe Oilfield. The strains were identified as
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Cellulosimicrobium sp. and Pseudomonas sp., named 7 and 12 by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The
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results showed that the compound bacteria from 7 bacteria and 12 bacteria could emulsify the liquid
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paraffin. When the volume ratio of 7 bacteria to 12 bacteria was 1∶1, the highest emulsification rate
reached up to 77.5%. Under the optimal conditions of temperature 35~40 ℃, pH value 6~8, inoculum
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volume ratio 4%, volume ratio of 7 bacteria to 12 bacteria 1∶1, the best growth of the compound bacteria
was obtained at initial pH=7. After the crude oil was treated for 7 days with the compound bacteria at 37 ℃
and pH=7, the removal rate of wax was 61.32% and the rate of viscosity reduction reached up to 31.58%.
Through microscope observation, wax crystals became smaller, further indicating that the strain could
degrade the wax, destroy the structure of wax crystals and improve the flow performance of waxy crude oil.
Key words: compound bacteria; optimization; crude oil; emulsification; viscosity reduction; dewaxing;
strain identification; oil field chemicals
在管道输送过程中,原油中的蜡会随温度降低 烃菌对于降低原油黏度及其含蜡量具有重要意义。
而结晶析出,导致管道运输半径减小,使生产设备 微生物能够以原油中的石蜡及其他重组分为惟
载荷过大,停产停泵;且由于原油中重组分含量高, 一碳源进行生长代谢,将长链烷烃降解成短链烷烃,
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黏度大,流动性较差,开采及输送经济成本较高 。 破坏蜡晶结构;同时,在生长代谢过程中可以产生
作为一种新兴除蜡降黏技术,微生物技术具有安全 表面活性剂,表面活性剂具有亲水基团和疏水基团,
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无污染、经济性较高等优点 。因此,寻求高效解 使它们在界面处聚集在具有不同极性的流体(例如
收稿日期:2019-04-01; 定用日期:2019-05-23; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20190261
基金项目:辽宁省高等学校创新人才(LR2018055);辽宁省自然科学基金指导计划(20180550745)
作者简介:王卫强(1974—),男,教授,博士。联系人:张海娟(1976—),女,副教授,E-mail:zhj_w@163.com。