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第 5 期 张 剑，等: 超滤技术在生物酶分离中的研究进展 ·793·

互配合来获得更好的分离性能。 of Biological Macromolecules, 2017, 101: 931-957.
[4] Mokashe N, Chaudhari A, Patil U. Optimal production and
characterization of alkaline protease from newly isolated halotolerant
4 总结和展望 Jeotgalicoccus sp[J]. Biocatalysis & Agricultural Biotechnology,
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近些年来，超滤技术作为一种新型的生物酶分 [5] Li F, Yang L, Lv X, et al. Purification and characterization of a novel
extracellular alkaline protease from Cellulomonas bogoriensis[J].
离技术发展迅速，并成为生物酶分离纯化的主要手
Protein Expression & Purification, 2016, 121: 125-132.
段之一。与传统的酶分离手段相比，超滤技术具有 [6] Porto T S, Silva G M M E, Porto C S, et al. Liquid–liquid extraction
分离效率高、操作过程简单、能连续操作且经济效 of proteases from fermented broth by PEG/citrate aqueous two-phase
system[J]. Chemical Engineering & Processing Process Intensification,
益高等优点。本文综述了超滤技术的基本原理和数 2008, 47(4): 716-721.
学模型构建，从发酵液、超滤膜和超滤过程三方面 [7] Darnon E, Lafitte L, Belleville M P, et al. A global approach of
ultrafiltration of complex biological solutions[J]. Separation &
分析影响超滤性能的因素。在此基础上，从超滤前 Purification Technology, 2002, 26(2/3): 283-293.
发酵液的预处理、超滤膜的选择、超滤过程中参数 [8] Ghosh R. Novel cascade ultrafiltration configuration for continuous,
high-resolution protein–protein fractionation: a simulation study[J].
和工艺优化 3 个阶段入手，提出提高超滤性能的措 Journal of Membrane Science, 2003, 226(1/2): 85-99.
施。从超滤过程的不同阶段以及不同角度分析影响 [9] Guo S, Luo J, Wu Y, et al. Decoloration of sugarcane molasses by
生物酶超滤性能的因素和提高生物酶超滤性能的解 tight ultrafiltration: filtration behavior and fouling control[J].
Separation & Purification Technology, 2018, 204: 66-74.
决措施，不仅实现了对整个超滤过程描述与评价的 [10] Reis R V, Zydney A. Bioprocess membrane technology[J]. Journal of
连贯性和完整性，也对生物酶制剂的工业生产起到 Membrane Science, 2007, 297(1/2): 16-50.
[11] HuangYunqing (黄韵清), Sun Fu (孙傅), Zeng Siyu (曾思育), et al.
一定的指导作用。 Progress of research on modeling solute rejection with ultrafiltration
超滤技术在生物酶分离过程中展现了出色的分 process[J]. Technology of Water Treatment (水处理技术), 2015, 41
(3): 1-5.
离能力，但是其在一些方面仍然存在着不足。通过 [12] Jönsson A S, Jönsson B, Byhlin H. A concentration polarization
上述措施虽可以提高生物酶的超滤性能，但在超滤 model for the ultrafiltration of nonionic surfactants[J]. Journal of
Colloid & Interface Science, 2006, 304(1): 191-199.
过程中酶活力损失较大、膜污染严重等问题仍然存
[13] Morão A, Amorim M T P D, Lopes A, et al. Characterisation of
在。关于提高生物酶的超滤性能，未来可以从以下 ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes from rejections of
neutral reference solutes using a model of asymmetric pores[J].
几个方面努力：
Journal of Membrane Science, 2008, 319(1): 64-75.
（1）生物酶发酵液具有复杂性，目前针对其特 [14] Morão A, Nunes J C, Sousa F, et al. Development of a model for
有的超滤数学模型较少，应增强理论数学模型的研 membrane filtration of long and flexible macromolecules: Application
to predict dextran and linear DNA rejections in ultrafiltration[J].
究，开发更优的数学模型，从理论出发提高生物酶 Journal of Membrane Science, 2009, 336(1/2): 61-70.
的超滤性能。 [15] Bolton G, Dan L C, Kuriyel R. Combined models of membrane
fouling: Development and application to microfiltration and ultrafiltration
（2）提高生物酶的稳定性，减少超滤过程酶活 of biological fluids[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 277(1/2):
力损失。针对此问题应寻找合适的酶稳定剂或者从 75-84.
[16] Hou L, Wang Z, Song P. A precise combined complete blocking and
上游工艺出发寻找高产且稳定性高的产酶菌株。 cake filtration model for describing the flux variation in membrane
（3）寻求超滤性能更优、成本更低的超滤膜。 filtration process with BSA solution[J]. Journal of Membrane
开发新的膜材料，尤其是 MOFs 材料和石墨烯材料， Science, 2017, 542: 186-194.
[17] Juang R S, Chen H L, Chen Y S. Resistance-in-series analysis in
这也是目前膜工作者研究的重点和难点。此外，还 cross-flow ultrafiltration of fermentation broths of Bacillus subtilis
可以对现有的膜材料和膜组件进行改进，以获得更 culture[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2008, 323(1): 193-200.
[18] Roy A, De S. Resistance-in-series model for flux decline and optimal
优的超滤效果。 conditions of Stevia extract during ultrafiltration using novel
（4）以现有生物酶超滤工艺为基础，研究不同 CAP-PAN blend membranes[J]. Food & Bioproducts Processing,
2015, 94: 489-499.
工艺对超滤性能的影响，并对现有的超滤工艺进行 [19] Alventosa-Delara E, Barredo-Damas S, Alcaina-Miranda M I, et al.
改进。 Ultrafiltration technology with a ceramic membrane for reactive dye
removal: Optimization of membrane performance[J]. Journal of Hazardous
参考文献： Materials, 2012, s 209/210(1): 492-500.
[20] Chakraborty S, Dasgupta J, Farooq U, et al. Experimental analysis,
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