Page 26 - 《精细化工》2020年第5期
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第 37 卷第 5 期                             精   细   化   工                                  Vol.37, No.5
             202 0 年 5 月                             FINE CHEMICALS                                 May    2020


              综论
                        刺激响应型农药控释剂的研发与应用进展



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                             申   越    1,2 ,王   琰 ,崔   博 ,赵   翔 ,崔海信
                 (1.  中国农业科学院  农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京  100081;2.  北京林业大学  林木生物质化学北
                 京市重点实验室,北京  100083)
                 摘要:农药的长期低效使用增加了农业生产成本,造成大量农药流失,威胁食品安全与生态环境。利用农药缓
                 控释技术对现有农药剂型进行改进是提高农药利用率的有效措施。刺激响应聚合物作为新兴载体,可以感受周
                 边环境变化,从而响应并靶向控制释放有效成分。这类材料作为农药运载体的研究则处于起步阶段,仍然有一
                 系列的因素限制着这类材料在农药控释领域的发展,比如:载体成本、药物负载性能、体系稳定性、加工工艺
                 的普适性及应用等。该文综述了刺激响应聚合物应用于农药控释领域的研发现状,并对该类农药控释剂的应用
                 前景进行了展望。
                 关键词:刺激响应;功能聚合物;农药;控制释放
                 中图分类号:TQ459      文献标识码:A      文章编号:1003-5214 (2020) 05-0876-08


                      Research and application progress of stimuli-responsive pesticide

                                          controlled-release formulations

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                               SHEN Yue , WANG Yan , CUI Bo , ZHAO Xiang , CUI Haixin
                 (1. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academic of Agriculture Sciences,
                 Beijing 100081, China; 2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing
                 100083, China)
                 Abstract: The long-term inefficient use of pesticides increases the cost of agricultural production, results in
                 a large loss of pesticides, and threatens food safety and ecological environment. It is an effective measure to
                 improve  the  efficiency  of  pesticide  utilization  by  using  pesticide  controlled  release  technology.
                 Stimuli-responsive polymers are a class of emerging carrier materials that sense and respond to changes in
                 the surrounding environment to achieve targeted controlled release of active ingredients. The research of
                 these materials as pesticide carriers is still in its infancy, and there are still a series of factors restricting their
                 development in the field of controlled release of pesticides, such as carrier cost, drug load performance,
                 system stability, universality of processing technology and its application. We review the research progress
                 and application status of stimuli-responsive polymers in the field of controlled release of pesticides and
                 discuss the application prospect.
                 Key words: stimuli-response; functional polymer; pesticide; controlled release


                 农药是抵御病虫草等生物灾害,确保国家粮食                          际受药量测算,有效利用率极低,不足 0.1%。农药
            生产稳定,保证农产品产量和质量的重要农用化学                             有效成分因防治靶标体周边环境的水分、光照和微
            品。然而,在田间喷施过程中,传统农药剂型中                              生物等发生降解,致使实际使用浓度低至有效浓度,
            70%~90%的有效成分会流失。以被保护的农作物为                          从而失效。因此,为有效控制生物灾害需要多次喷
            实际靶标,有效利用率仅为 30%;以有害生物的实                           洒。这不仅导致环境中的农药大量残留和累积,造


                 收稿日期:2019-10-09;  定用日期:2019-12-26; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20190945
                 基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(BJFUKF201910);国家重大研发计划项目(2016YFD0200500;2018YFD0200210);
                 水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07101-003)
                 作者简介:申   越(1989—),女,助研,E-mail:shenyue@caas.cn。联系人:崔海信(1963—),男,研究员,E-mail:cuihaixin@caas.cn。
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