Page 111 - 《精细化工》2020年第6期

第 6 期 乔宗梅，等: 微波辅助制备 β-环糊精纳米海绵
表 7 NSCD 的表面特性
Table 7 Surface properties of the NSCDs
2
样品 比表面积/(m /g) 平均孔径/nm
NSCD4 3.15 110.4
NSCD7 4.79 63.7
NSCD10 5.52 51.6
比表面积和平均孔径的特征表明，NSCD 中均
存在纳米级的孔径；也可以看出随着交联剂用量的
增加，NSCD 的比表面积和总孔容都逐渐增加，平
均孔径逐渐减小，此结果与 GHOLIBEGLOO 等
的研究结果中随交联剂用量的增加，平均孔径减小，
比表面积增大相符。因此，交联剂的用量是控制产
物比表面积和孔径的关键因素，交联度越高就越有
可能形成更多孔的材料。研究者们详细研究了水不
溶性的 NSCD 在作为吸附材料方面的应用，并取得
了较好的成果，文献[9]中对原水中 DOC 的吸附去
除能力高达 84%；文献[10-11]中用到的 NSCD 对水
中的污染物对硝基苯酚和五氯苯酚的去除率分别在
50%~60%、70%~90%；文献[12]中把 NSCD 作用到
分别含有 5 种金属、16 种多环芳烃（PAH）和 3 种
烷基酚（AP）的加标溶液中，结果表明：对溶液中
2+
2+
2+
Co 、Ni 和 Zn 去除率高达 99%，PAHs 和 AP 的
去除率分别在 65%~82%、69%~90%。
3 结论
（1）采用微波辅助法合成 β-环糊精纳米海绵，
利用响应曲面法建立了统计学模型对反应因素进
行优化及收率预测，得到最佳工艺条件为：反应时
间 87 min，反应温度 90 ℃，物料物质的量比 1∶
7.75，收率预测为 70.71%。并根据优化条件制备了
3 批样品，得到的平均收率为 68.92%，和预测值非
常接近，证明了该优化模型的可靠性。
（2）与传统水热法相比，微波辅助合成 β-环糊
精纳米海绵将反应时间由 6.0 h 缩短至 1.5 h 左右，
且产物收率由 45%提高到 69%左右，显著提高了合
成效率。
（3）产物的表征结果说明，本文所得的 β-环糊
精纳米海绵具有较高的热稳定性和较好的结晶度，
较大的比表面积和孔容，也为其进一步应用研究奠
定了理论基础。
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