Page 191 - 《精细化工》2020年第2期

第 2 期 张泽玺，等: 电-生物耦合技术降解中药提取废水及微生物群落分析
γ-变形杆菌纲，假单胞菌目，是一种革兰氏阴性细菌，
须在严格的好氧环境下生存，对于难生物降解物质
尤其是芳香族化合物有较好的降解效果 [37] ，中药提取
废水中的芳香族化合物可供其降解利用。Paludibacter
为严格厌氧菌，属于 β-拟杆菌门（β-Bacteroidetes）的
紫单胞菌科（β-Porphyromonadaceae），能发酵多种
单糖和二 糖产丙酸 、乙酸和 少量丁酸
Methyloversatilis 可同 化甲 醇等含碳有 机物
Sphaerotilus 为专性好氧菌，可以降解各种类型的有
机酸、糖类、醇类及氨基酸，但不能利用更复杂的
底物 [41] 。四氢呋喃在电化学降解过程中产生的有机
酸及中药提取废水中含有甲醇、乙醇等醇类物质为
Paludibacter、Methyloversatilis 和 Sphaerotilus 提供
了相对丰富的碳源，导致这类菌属相对丰度较高。
Cloacibacterium 多出现在水环境沉积物和市政废水
中 [42-43] ，说明其对中药提取废水中有机物的去除有
一定作用。Fusibacter 属于厌氧或兼性厌氧细菌
好氧菌、兼性厌氧菌和严格厌氧菌的存在印证了球
形填料由外到内形成了好氧-兼性-厌氧的环境变化
趋势，为难降解物质的去除提供了必要的环境条件。
属水平上存在大量可利用难生物降解物质的菌属，
同时部分菌属可代谢电化学氧化难生物降解物质的
中间产物，这两类菌属是提高微生物降解中药提取
废水效率的重要因素。
3 结论
（1）中药提取废水在 HRT 分别为 12、24 和 36 h
时的动态实验中，COD 去除率分别为 70.78%±
2.41%、82.83%±1.76%和 92.62%±1.28%。随着水力
停留时间的增长，COD 去除率呈明显上升趋势。电-
生物耦合技术处理中药提取废水具有较强的抗冲击
负荷能力且能够有效去除废水中的有机物。
（2）静态实验中，0 V 时 COD 去除率为 56.85%，
10 V 时 COD 去除率为 98.97%，27 V 时 COD 去除
率仅为 33.33%。电-生物耦合技术处理中药提取废
水的效率明显高于仅微生物或电氧化为主要作用下
的废水处理效率。
（3）对高通量测序结果统计分析，获得阴阳极
板附近微生物群落 29 门、54 纲、119 目、219 科和
413 属，变形菌门、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、绿弯菌
门和 Epsilonbacteraeota 5 个菌门在阴阳极板的相对
丰度达到 94.82%和 99.53%。阴极板附近菌落多样
性高于阳极板附近菌落，阴阳极板附近菌落在门水
平和属水平上差异较大。Zoogloea、Acinetobacter、
Paludibacter、Methyloversatilis 和 Sphaerotilus 是提
高处理中药提取废水效率的主要菌属。
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