Page 112 - 《精细化工》2022年第6期
P. 112
第 39 卷第 6 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.39, No.6
2022 年 6 月 FINE CHEMICALS June 2022
表面活性剂
脂肪酸-胺反离子耦合表面活性剂的制备及耐盐性
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王 樊 ,方银军 ,刘雪锋 ,方 云
(1. 江南大学 化学与材料工程学院 合成与生物胶体教育部重点实验室,江苏 无锡 214122;2. 赞宇科
技集团股份有限公司,浙江 杭州 310030)
摘要:用十二酸(C 12 )分别与三甲胺(TMA)、N,N-二甲基乙胺(DMA)、N-甲基二乙胺(MDA)、三乙胺(TEN)、
N,N,N,N-四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA)、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺(DMEA)、N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)、三乙醇胺(TEA)
反应,得到反离子耦合表面活性剂 C 12 -TMA、C 12 -DMA、C 12 -MDA、C 12 -TEN、C 12 -TMEDA、C 12 -DMEA、C 12 -MDEA
和 C 12 -TEA,分别考察 Krafft 温度(K T )及其 NaCl 耐受性。结果表明,C 12 -TMA、C 12 -DMA、C 12 -MDA、C 12 -TEN、
C 12 -TMEDA 和 C 12 -DMEA 的 K T 均比十二酸钠(C 12 -Na)低;当 NaCl 质量浓度为 25.0 g/L 时,C 12 -TMA、C 12 -DMA、
C 12 -MDA、C 12 -TEN 和 C 12 -TMEDA 的 K T <46 ℃;适量的 NaCl 能提高 C 12 -Na、C 12 -TEN 和 C 12 -TMEDA 水溶液
与十二烷形成乳液的稳定性,但过量 NaCl 则导致表面活性剂析出,C 12 -TEN 和 C 12 -TMEDA 析出时 NaCl 质量
浓度为 23.0 g/L,比 C 12 -Na(15.0 g/L)提高了约 53%。脂肪酸胺比其钠盐具有更好的 NaCl 耐受性。
关键词:反离子耦合;耐盐性能;Krafft 温度;有机胺;乳液;表面活性剂
中图分类号:TQ423.3 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5214 (2022) 06-1178-06
Synthesis and salt tolerance study of fatty acid-amine
counterion coupled surfactants
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WANG Fan , FANG Yinjun , LIU Xuefeng , FANG Yun
(1. Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material
Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; 2. Zanyu Technology Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou
310030, Zhejiang, China)
Abstract: A series of counterion coupled surfactants C 12 -TMA, C 12 -DMA, C 12 -MDA, C 12 -TEN, C 12 -TMEDA,
C 12-DMEA, C 12-MDEA and C 12-TEA were synthesized by reaction of dodecanoic acid (C 12) with
trimethylamine (TMA), N,N-dimethylethylamine (DMA), N-methyldiethylamine (MDA), triethylamine
(TEN), N,N,N,N-tetramethylenediamine (TMEDA), N,N-dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), N-methyldiethanolamine
(MDEA) and triethanolamine (TEA) respectively, and its Krafft temperature (K T) and NaCl tolerability
were measured. The results showed that K T of C 12-TMA, C 12-DMA, C 12-MDA, C 12-TEN, C 12-TMEDA and
C 12-DMEA were lower than that of sodium dodecanoate (C 12-Na) which is less than 46 ℃ when the mass
concentration (ρ NaCl) of NaCl was 25.0 g/L. Appropriate amount of NaCl could improve the stability of
emulsions formed by dodecane with C 12-Na, C 12-TEN and C 12-TMEDA solutions respectively while
excessive NaCl led to the precipitation of surfactants. Precipitation of C 12-TEN and C 12-TMEDA occurred
at ρ NaCl of 23.0 g/L, which was improved by about 53% in comparison to C 12-Na (15.0 g/L). This suggested
that fatty acid coupled with amines had better NaCl tolerance than the ones coupled with sodium salts.
Key words: counter-ion coupling; salt tolerance; Krafft temperature; organic amines; emulsions; surfactants
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肥皂作为清洁品具有悠久历史 ,如今仍有广 活性剂之一,可用脂肪酸与无机碱中和制得 ,但
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泛的应用 。长链脂肪酸钠是最常见的洗涤用表面 其 Krafft 温度(K T )较高 ,只有当温度高于其 K T
收稿日期:2022-01-06; 定用日期:2022-03-14; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20220016
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(21673103);赞宇科研基金(2021-15)
作者简介:王 樊(1996—),男,硕士生,E-mail:wangfan_1996@foxmail.com。联系人:刘雪锋(1973—),男,教授,E-mail:
xfliu@jiangnan.edu.cn。