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·1658· 精细化工 FINE CHEMICALS 第 35 卷

表 2 不同 EPGO 用量的 EPGO/WPU 复合膜的耐磨性能 进展), 2015, 34(2): 463-469.
Table 2 Wear-resistance properties of EPGO/WPU composite [4] Nair R R, Blake P, Grigorenko A N, et al. Fine structure constant
films with different EPGO contents defines visual transparency of graphene[J]. Science, 2008, 320(5881):
w(EPGO)/% 1308.
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0 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene[J]. Science, 2008,
磨损前后质量损失/mg 2.5 1.7 1.1 0.2 0.4 321(5887): 385-388.
[6] Geng Y, Wang S J, Ki J K. Preparation of graphite nanoplatelets and

由表 2 可以看出，纯水性聚氨酯膜耐磨性能最 grapheme sheets[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2009,
336(2): 592-598.
差，随着 EPGO 用量的增加，耐磨性能也随之增加， [7] Xu H, Yan J, She X, et al. Graphene-analogue carbon nitride: novel
当添加 EPGO 用量达到 0.8%时，砂轮转 200 圈，磨 exfoliation synthesis and its application in photo catalysis and photo
2+
electrochemical selective detection of trace amount of Cu [J].
损前后质量损失对成膜几乎没有损伤，由此可知，
Nanoscale, 2014, 6(3): 1406-1415.
EPGO 的加入有助于提高水性聚氨酯胶膜耐磨性 [8] Liang Tongxiang (梁彤祥), Liu Juan (刘娟), Wang Chen (王晨).
能。结合机理分析产生这种性能的主要原因是 Electronic structure of grapheme and its application advances[J].
Materials Engineering (材料工程), 2014, (6): 89-96.
EPGO 加入水性聚氨酯中，成膜后填充了 WPU 材料 [9] Liu M, Zhang R, Chen W. Graphene-supported nanoelectrocatalysts
的内部缺陷，其在 WPU 中均匀分布并与聚氨酯分 for fuel cells: synthesis, properties, and applications[J]. Chemical
子产生交联，减少了应力聚集点，钝化了由于应力 reviews, 2014, 114(10): 5117-5160.
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所引起的水性聚氨酯基体裂纹扩展，阻止了进一步 of graphitic nanoplatelets via thereduction of exfoliated graphite
发展成为破坏性裂缝。随着 EPGO 用量的增加，纳 oxide in the presence of poly(sodium4-styrenesulfonate)[J]. J Mater
米材料的比表面积增加，与水性聚氨酯接触的面积 Chem, 2006, 16(2): 155-158.
[11] Rafiee M A. Graphene-based composite materials[D]. Rensselaer
也就增大，当产生力的冲击时可以产生更多的微裂 Polytechnic Institute, 2011.
纹，增加了对于冲击能的吸收效果，减小了破坏这 [12] Kim H, Abdala A A, Macosko C W. Graphene/polymer nanocomposites[J].
Macromolecules, 2010, 43(16): 6515-6530.
些微裂纹的可能性。此外，EPGO 作为纳米填充材
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料的加入，显著提高了胶膜的硬度，也增加了胶膜 graphene[J]. Accounts of Chemical Research, 2013, 46(1): 87-96.
的耐磨性能。 [14] Yang Jianjun (杨建军), Zhang Jian'an (张建安), Wu Qingyun (吴庆
云), et al. New research progress in the modification technology of
waterborne polyurethane resin used for the manufacture of synthetic
3 结论 leather[J]. Fine Chemicals (精细化工), 2013, 30(3): 241-247.
[15] Yang X, Qiu L, Cheng C, et al. Ordered gelation of chemically
（1）利用改进的 Hummers 法制备 GO，通过环 converted graphene for next-generation electroconductive hydrogel
氧氯丙烷跟 GO 上羧基反应制得 EPGO，FTIR 证明 films[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2011, 50(32):
7325-7328.
了通过共价改性在 GO 表面引入更多的环氧基团， [16] Li D, Müller M B, Gilje S, et al. Processable aqueous dispersions of
XRD 表明环氧改性破坏了 GO 的晶格结构，其结构 graphene nanosheets[J]. Nature nanotechnology, 2008, 3(2): 101-105.
的无序度进一步增大，通过 TEM 进一步验证了实验 [17] Li W, Wen H, Shi Q, et al. Study on immobilization of (+)
γ-lactamase using a new type of epoxy graphene oxide carrier[J].
所制 EPGO 具有纳米尺寸结构。 Process Biochemistry, 2016, 51(2): 270-276.
（2）制备不同 EPGO 添加量的水性聚氨酯胶膜， [18] Hummers Jr W S, Offeman R E. Preparation of graphitic oxide[J].
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1958, 80(6): 1339-1339.
随着 EPGO 用量的增加，复合材料的拉伸强度先增
[19] Luo X, Zhang P, Ren J, et al. Preparation and properties of
大后减小，当 EPGO 质量分数达到 0.8%时，复合材 functionalized graphene/waterborne polyurethane composites with
料拉伸强度达到 12.9 MPa，拉伸强度较空白膜提高 highly hydrophobic[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2015,
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67.5%，杨氏模量提高 36.4%。 [20] Seifollahi Bazarjani M, Kleebe H J, Müller M M, et al. Nanoporous
（3）随 EPGO 用量的增加可以显著提高胶膜的 silicon oxycarbonitride ceramics derived from polysilazanes in situ
耐磨性。 modified with nickel nanoparticles[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2011,
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[21] Zhang Yu (张玉), Yang Jianjun (杨建军), Wu Qingyun (吴庆云),
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