Page 69 - 201809
P. 69
第 9 期 张 通，等: 酶解玉米秸秆残渣制备聚氨酯硬质泡沫 ·1495·
–1
为—OH 的弯曲振动吸收峰，1220 cm 处为愈创木 约为 50%~55%，主要是多元醇骨架及其木质素衍生
–1
环中的 C==O 伸缩振动吸收峰，1120 cm 附近为紫 物的热解 [16] 。另外，添加木质素的聚氨酯泡沫热分
丁香基 C==O 伸缩振动吸收峰，1030 cm –1 为直链 解温度要明显高于未添加木质素的泡沫，说明在热
–1
C—C 伸缩振动吸收峰，830 cm 为苯环上 C—H 面 分解过程中，木质素的耐热性起到了阻碍聚氨酯泡
外弯曲振动吸收峰，以上吸收峰表现出典型的木质 沫分解的作用，提高了聚氨酯泡沫的耐热性能。
素化学结构特征 [14] 。而在木质素基聚氨酯泡沫的谱
图中，除了上述木质素材料特征吸收峰外，在 3300、 3 结论
–1
2280、1070 和 750 cm 处出现了几个较为明显的吸 本研究以酶解玉米秸秆残渣为原料，通过木质
–1
收峰，其中 3300 cm 处为—NH 伸缩振动吸收峰， 素的精制、液化后进行聚氨酯泡沫的合成。当木质
–1
2280 cm 属于异氰酸酯中的—N==C==O 非对称伸缩振 素液化产物添加量为聚醚多元醇质量的 47%时，制
动峰，该峰的存在说明异氰酸酯单体未完全反应 [15] ， 备的聚氨酯泡沫的依然保持较佳性能，芯密度和压
–1
1070 cm 处属于聚氨酯泡沫中的醚键 C—O—C， 缩强度分别为 48.6 kg/m 和 212 kPa，满足相应国家
3
–1
750 cm 归属于聚氨酯泡沫中的 CONH 弯曲振动吸
标准。
收峰。
木质素液化产物添加量分别为 0 和 47%的聚氨 参考文献：
酯泡沫的热失重曲线见图 5。两种泡沫的热分解过 [1] Fischer G, Schrattenholzer L. Global bioenergy potentials through
2050[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2001, 20(3): 151-159.
程极为相似，大致分为两个失重阶段：第一个失重 [2] Kumar R, Tabatabaei M, Karimi K, et al. Recent updates on
阶段为 200~400 ℃，失重率为 35%~40%，主要是聚 lignocellulosic biomass derived ethanol-A review[J]. Biofuel
Research Journal, 2016, 3(1): 347-356.
氨酯硬段的分解；第二阶段为 400~600 ℃，失重率 [3] Brethauer S, Wyman C E. Review: Continuous hydrolysis and
fermentation for cellulosic ethanol production[J]. Bioresource
Technology, 2010, 101(13): 4862-4874.
[4] Wang Wen (王闻), Zhuang Xinshu (庄新姝), Yuan Zhenhong (袁振
宏 ), et al. Present situation and prospect on the industrial
development of cellulosic fuel ethanol[J]. Chemistry and Industry of
Forest Products (林产化学与工业), 2014, 34(4): 144-150.
[5] Cheng Xiansu (程贤甦). Extraction methods of enzymatic hydrolysis
lignin: CN1763208[P]. 2006-04-26.
[6] Jia Ling (贾玲), Feng Xia (冯霞), Wang Yafei (王亚飞), et al.
Extraction of lignin from corncob with organic acid aqueous solution
and its characterization[J]. Fine Chemicals (精细化工), 2013, 30(6):
628-633.
[7] Zhang Zhiming (张志鸣), Zhou Mingsong (周明松), Yang Dongjie
(杨东杰), et al. Preparation and performance of high temperature
sulfomethylated alkali lignin dye disperant[J]. Fine Chemicals (精细
化工), 2014, 31(12): 1500-1505.
[8] Zhu Lvmin (朱吕民). Polyurethane[M]. Nanjing：Jiangsu Science
图 4 精制木质素及木质素液化产物添加量为 47%的聚 and Technology Press, 2002: 2-9.
[9] Sun Gang (孙刚), Liu Yu (刘预), Feng Fang (冯芳), et al.
氨酯泡沫的红外谱图 Development of research on polyurethane foams[J]. Materials
Fig. 4 IR spectra of lignin and lignin-based polyurethane Review (材料导报), 2006, 20(3): 29-36.
foam with 47% liquefied lignin content [10] Jiang Tingda (蒋挺大). Lignin[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press,
2008: 19-41.
[11] Zakzeski J, Bruijnincx P C A, Jongerius A L, et al. The catalytic
valorization of lignin for the production of renewable chemicals[J].
Chemical Review, 2010, 110(6): 3552-3599.
[12] Wahyudiono, Sasaki M, Goto M. Recovery of phenolic compounds
through the decomposition of lignin in near and supercritical
water[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process
Intensification, 2008, 47(9/10): 1609-1619.
[13] Ren Xueyong (任学勇), Chang Jianmin (常建民), Gou Jinsheng (苟
进胜), et al. Research and development trends of direct liquefaction
of wood biomass[J]. World Forestry Research (世界林业研究),
2009, 22(5): 62-65.
[14] Shen D, Gu S, Luo K H, et al. The pyrolytic degradation of
wood-derived lignin from pulping process[J]. Bioresource
Technology, 2010, 101(15): 6136-6146.
[15] He Kai (何凯), Chen Keke (陈可可), Guo Ming (郭明). Preparation,
characterization, and properties of lignin based, rigid polyurethane
图 5 木质素液化产物添加量分别为 0 和 47%的聚氨酯泡 foam materials[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University (浙江农林大
学学报), 2012, 29(2): 203-209.
沫的热失重曲线 [16] Kurimoto Y, Takeda M, Doi S, et al. Network structures and thermal
Fig. 5 TGA curves of polyurethane foams with 0 and 47% properties of polyurethane films prepared from liquefied wood[J].
liquified lignin contents Bioresource Technology, 2001, 77(1): 33-40.
