Page 13 - 《精细化工》2019年第11期

第 36 卷第 11 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.36, No.11
2019 年 11 月 FINE CHEMICALS Nov. 2019

综论
聚合物/LDH 复合材料的制备及

阻燃性能研究进展

吕 斌 1,2 ，王岳峰 1,2 ，高党鸽 1,2 ，雒 康 1,2 ，马建中 1,2

（1. 陕西科技大学 轻工科学与工程学院，陕西 西安 710021；2. 轻化工程国家级实验示范教学中心，
陕西 西安 710021）

摘要：水滑石（LDH）是一类典型的阴离子型层状材料，具有优异的阻燃性和热稳定性，且低烟、低毒、环境
友好。将其与聚合物制备复合材料，可以显著提升聚合物的耐火能力，因而受到研究者的广泛关注。介绍了 LDH
的结构特点及其有机改性方法，包括离子交换法、煅烧还原法、一步法和溶剂剥离法。总结了常用于制备聚合
物/LDH 复合材料的方法，并简述了其优缺点。重点综述了影响聚合物/LDH 复合材料阻燃性的因素，主要包括
LDH 板层二价和三价阳离子、多金属阳离子的引入和改性剂等方面的影响；简述了其他阻燃材料配合 LDH 协
同阻燃的进展。最后，分析了阻燃型聚合物/LDH 复合材料的研究现状，就该材料在产业化推广、进一步提升高
效阻燃性能、明确阻燃机理等方面提出了观点。
关键词：水滑石；有机改性；复合材料；阻燃性
中图分类号：TU545; TQ316.6 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2019) 11-2161-10

Progress in Preparation and Flame Retardancy of
Polymer/LDH Composites

1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
LV Bin , WANG Yue-feng , GAO Dang-ge , LUO Kang , MA Jian-zhong
（1. College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an
710021, Shaanxi, China; 2. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education,
Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China）
Abstract: Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is a typical anionic layered material with excellent flame
retardancy and thermal stability, low smoke, low toxicity and environmental friendliness. The preparation of
composites by combining LDH with polymers can significantly improve the fire resistance of polymers,
which has attracted wide attention of researchers. This paper introduces the structural characteristics,
organic modification methods of LDH including ion exchange method, calcination-reconstruction method,
one-step method and solvent exfoliation method. The methods commonly used in the preparation of
polymer/LDH composites are summarized and also briefly describe their advantages and disadvantages.
Furthermore, the factors affecting the flame retardancy of polymer/LDH composites are reviewed, including
the effects of LDH ply bivalent and trivalent cations, the introduction of polymetallic cations and modifiers.
A brief description of the progress of other flame retardant materials in combination with LDH using
synergistic flame retardant. Finally, the author analyzes the research status of flame retardant polymer/LDH
composites. The viewpoints of industrialization of polymer/LDH composites, improvement of flame
retardant efficiency and clear flame retardant mechanism were put forward.
Key words: layered double hydroxide; organic modification; composite; flame retardance

收稿日期：2019-02-21; 定用日期：2019-05-05; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20190141
基金项目：国家自然科学基金重点项目（21838007）；陕西省重点研发计划（2018GY-068）
作者简介：吕 斌（1980—），男，博士，副教授，E-mail：xianyanglvbin@163.com。