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2.2.6 碳酸钙垢的 XRD 表征 参考文献：
为验证 PEGMA-SVS-AA 的阻垢性能，用 XRD [1] Wang Huchuan (王虎传), Peng Chengjun (彭成军), Wu Shumin (吴
检测得到的碳酸钙晶型是否改变。图 7 分别是未加 淑敏), et al. Inhibition of calcium sulfate precipitation by a kind of
phosphorus-free antiscalant in pharmaceutical cooling water system[J].
入水处理剂（a）和加入 8 mg/L 水处理剂（b）碳酸 Fine Chemicals (精细化工), 2017, 34(12): 1423-1426, 1440.
钙晶体的 XRD 图。碳酸钙在没有加入水处理剂时是 [2] Gu X X, Qiu F X, Zhou X, et al. Preparation and application of
polymers as inhibitors for calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate
完整致密的方解石晶型（C102、C100、C113），当 scales[J]. International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric
受到破坏时晶型会发生改变，变成疏松的球霰石晶 Biomaterials, 2013, 62: 323-329.
型，出现了 V110、V112、V114、V300、V118 球霰 [3] Deng Wen (邓文), Li Meijuan (李美娟), Chen Ping (陈萍), et al.
Pilot synthesis, compound and field application of 1-hydroxyethy-
石的特征峰（与碳酸钙晶型标准谱图对比） [15-17] 。 lidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP)[J]. Fine Chemicals (精细化
有的特征峰虽然没有变化，但是衍射峰强度明显降 工), 2016, 33(6): 680-685.
[4] Yu W, Wang Y W, Li A M, et al. Evaluation of the structural
低，结晶度变差。对比碳酸钙的扫描电镜图也可看 morphology of starch-graft-poly(acrylic acid) on its scale-inhibition
出，碳酸钙晶体不但形貌破坏严重，晶型变化亦是 efficiency[J]. Water Research, 2018, 141: 86-95.
[5] Al-Sabagh A M, El Basiony N M, Sadeek S A, et al. Scale and
明显。
corrosion inhibition performance of the newly synthesized anionic
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[6] Liu G Q, Xue M W, Liu Q P, et al. Maleic anhydride-allylpolyethoxy
carboxylate copolymer as an effective and environmentally benign
inhibitor for calcium carbonate in industrial cooling systems[J]. RSC
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[8] Zhang P, Shen D, Ruan G D, et al. Phosphino-polycarboxylic acid
modified inhibitor nanomaterial for oilfield scale control: synthesis,
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[9] Li J, Zhou Y M, Yao Q Z, et al. Preparation and evaluation of a
图 7 未加入和加入 8 mg/L 水处理剂后碳酸钙垢的 XRD 图 polyether-based polycarboxylate as a kind of inhibitor for water
systems[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2017, 56:
Fig. 7 XRD patterns of calcium carbonate (a) and calcium
2624-2633.
carbonate after adding 8 mg/L of PEGMA-SVS-AA (b) [10] Liu Y H, Zhou Y M, Yao Q Z, et al. Evaluating the performance of
PEG-based scale inhibition and dispersion agent in cooling water
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3 结论 [11] Shao Hui (韶晖), Wang Ya (王雅), Zhou Yin (周胤), et al.
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利用马来酸酐改性聚乙二醇得到聚乙二醇酯
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（PEGMA），其与乙烯基磺酸钠（SVS）、丙烯酸 [12] Zhang Yuling (张玉玲), Kang Shaoxin (康少鑫), Li Wei (李伟), et
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的结构经红外光谱表征确证。不同的单体配比、引 [13] Liu Y H, Zhou Y M, Yao Q Z, et al. Double-hydrophilic polyether
antiscalant used as a crystal growth modifier of calcium scales in
发剂用量、反应时间和反应温度对合成的水处理剂阻
cooling-water systems[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2014,
碳酸钙垢率有很大影响，当 n(PEGMA)∶n(SVS)∶ 131: 39792-39802.
[14] Wang H C, Zhou Y M, Yao Q Z, et al. Synthesis of fluorescent-
n(AA)为 1∶3∶5，过硫酸铵用量为单体总质量的
tagged scale inhibitor and evaluation of its calcium carbonate
6%，反应时间 2.5 h，反应温度为 80 ℃时，得到的 precipitation performance[J]. Desalination, 2014, 340: 1-10.
聚合物在模拟工业生产循环冷却水条件下，阻碳酸 [15] Zarga Y, Boubaker H B, Ghaffour N, et al. Study of calcium
carbonate and sulfate co-precipitation[J]. Chemical Engineering
钙垢率达到 89%。利用 XRD 和 SEM 对碳酸钙垢进 Science, 2013, 96: 33-41.
行了表征。结果表明，该水处理剂不但改变了碳酸 [16] Ji Y, Chen Y, Le J X, et al. Highly effective scale inhibition
performance of amino trimethylenephosphonic acid on calcium
钙的形貌而且改变了晶型，让碳酸钙垢难以附着在
carbonate[J]. Desalination, 2017, 422: 165-173.
循环水管道壁面。接下来的工作重点将会考虑不同 [17] Gopi S P, Subramanian V K, Palanisamy K. Synergistic effect of
水质条件下该水处理剂的使用效果；该阻垢剂不含 EDTA and HEDP on the crystal growth, polymorphism, and
morphology of CaCO 3[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry
磷，具有一定的工业应用前景。 Research, 2015, 54: 3618-3625.
