Page 73 - 《精细化工》2020年第12期
P. 73
第 37 卷第 12 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.37, No.12
2020 年 12 月 FINE CHEMICALS Dec. 2020
综论
有序介孔碳的模板化构筑及其水处理应用研究
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屈 佳 ,李美兰 ,黄宏普 ,杨 强 ,崔孝炜 ,李建涛
(1. 商洛学院 化学工程与现代材料学院 陕西省尾矿资源综合利用重点实验室 陕西省矿产资源清洁高效
转化与新材料工程研究中心,陕西 商洛 726000;2. 长江师范学院 材料科学与工程学院,重庆 408100)
摘要:有序介孔碳材料具有比表面积高、孔道结构规则有序、孔径分布狭窄、孔径大小可调控、表面易于修饰
等结构特点和高机械强度、强吸附能力、化学惰性等性能特点,作为吸附剂在水处理领域具有广阔的发展前景。
该文从有序介孔硅、天然矿物、金属-有机框架(MOFs)材料、嵌段共聚物等不同模板的角度对有序介孔碳、
多级有序微/介孔碳、多级有序大/介孔碳的制备方法进行综述,并对有序介孔碳材料在重金属离子、有机污染物、
生物活性分子吸附领域的应用进行简单介绍。比表面积、孔径大小和表面化学组成在很大程度上决定了有序介
孔碳的吸附性能。大孔径、多样性、多级孔交叉、杂原子掺杂、表面功能化将会是今后有序介孔碳制备的发展
方向。
关键词:有序介孔碳;多级有序介孔碳;模板法;水处理;吸附;重金属离子;有机污染物;生物活性分子
中图分类号:X703;O69 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5214 (2020) 12-2435-12
Template construction of ordered mesoporous carbon materials and
their applications in water treatment
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QU Jia , LI Meilan , HUANG Hongpu , YANG Qiang , CUI Xiaowei , LI Jiantao
(1. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Tailings Resources, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center
for Mineral Resources Clean & Efficient Conversion and New Materials, College of Chemical Engineering and Modern
Materials, Shangluo University, Shangluo 726000, Shaanxi, China; 2. School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China)
Abstract: Ordered mesoporous carbon materials possess many advantages such as high specific surface
area, regular pore structure, narrow pore size distribution, controllable pore size, modifiable surface, high
mechanical strength, strong adsorption ability and chemical inertness. The ordered mesoporous carbon, as a
new adsorbent, has a broad prospect in water treatment. The preparation methods of ordered mesoporous
carbon, hierarchically ordered microporous/mesoporous carbon and hierarchically ordered macroporous/
mesoporous carbon are reviewed based on different templates such as ordered mesoporous silica, natural
minerals, metal organic frameworks and block copolymers. The applications of ordered mesoporous carbon
materials in the fields of heavy metal ions, organic pollutants and bioactive molecules adsorption are also
introduced. The adsorption capacity of ordered mesoporous carbon is determined by its specific surface area,
pore size and surface chemical composition to a great extent. Large pore size, diversity, hierarchization,
heteroatom doping and surface functionalization will be the development direction of ordered mesoporous
carbon preparation in the future.
Key words: ordered mesoporous carbon; hierarchically ordered mesoporous carbon; templating method;
water treatment; adsorption; heavy metal ions; organic pollutants; bioactive molecules
介孔碳材料是指孔径介于 2~50 nm 的一类多孔 活化制得 [1-2] 。然而,该法得到的多孔碳材料含有大
碳材料。传统制备多孔碳材料的方法是通过将煤或 量无序连接、均一性较差且形状各异的孔,孔隙结
生物质等前驱体在高温下热解,并经物理或者化学 构和尺寸难以有效调控。近几年迅速发展起来的有
收稿日期:2020-08-03; 定用日期:2020-10-10; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20200716
基金项目:陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(19JK0252);商洛市科技计划项目(SK2019-81)
作者简介:屈 佳(1988—),女,讲师,E-mail:qj0424@126.com。