Page 174 - 精细化工2020年第2期

·376· 精细化工 FINE CHEMICALS 第 37 卷

个快速分解阶段，这一阶段为纤维素膜的主要裂解 issue in heavy metal wastewater treatment[J]. Environmental Science
and Pollution Research, 2018, 25(18): 17250-17267.
阶段，此阶段的失重率为 27.9%，低于纤维素的主
[4] Yan X, Chai L, Li Q, et al. Abiological granular sludge formation
要裂解起始温度（307.6 ℃）。这是因为 NaOH 中的 benefit for heavy metal wastewater treatment using sulfide
—OH 破坏了纤维素的分子内和分子间氢键，导致 precipitation[J]. Clean-Soil Air Water, 2017, 45(4): 1-8.
[5] Sengupta A K. Ion exchange and ion exchangers: An
纤维素分子裂解温度降低，而结晶度越低，纤维素 introduction[M]. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2017: 1-49.
的分解温度越低 [45] ，这和 XRD 的分析结果一致； [6] Sengupta A K. Different units of capacity, concentration, mass, and
350.1 ℃时二者的残留率处于同一水平，350.1 ℃之 volume[M]. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2017: 457-458.
[7] Tran T K, Leu H J, Chiu K F, et al. Electrochemical treatment of
后纤维素膜的分解速率低于纤维素，最终残炭量为 heavy metal-containing wastewater with the removal of COD and
18.1%，明显高于纤维素的残炭量（7.0%），这是因 heavy metal ions[J]. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 2017,
64(5): 493-502.
+
为纤维素膜中有残留的 Na ，导致纤维素膜最终残
[8] Bazrafshan E, Mohammadi L, Ansari-moghaddam A, et al. Heavy
炭量提高；可知，纤维素膜的热稳定性高于纤维素。 metals removal from aqueous environments by electrocoagulation
process-a systematic review[J]. Journal of Environmental Health
3 结论 Science & Engineering, 2015, 13(1): 74-90.
[9] Azimi A, Azari A, Rezakazemi M, et al. Removal of heavy metals
from industrial wastewaters: A Review[J]. Chem Bio Eng Reviews,
（1）以 NaOH/尿素/硫脲为溶解体系制备纤维素 2017, 4(1): 37-59.
2+
膜，用于吸附处理水中重金属 Pb ，考察凝固浴条 [10] Al-homaidan A A, Alabullatif J A, Al-Hazzani A A, et al. Adsorptive
removal of cadmium ions by spirulina platensis dry biomass[J].
2+
件对纤维素膜吸附 Pb 吸附量的影响。结果显示，
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2015, 22(6): 795-800.
以体积分数为 7%的 H 2 SO 4 为凝固浴、凝固浴温度为 [11] Massie B J, Sanders T H, Dean L L. Removal of heavy metal
2+
40 ℃、凝固时间为 120 min 时，纤维素膜对 Pb 的 contamination from peanut skin extracts by waste biomass
adsorption[J]. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 2015, 38(6):
吸附量达到最大，为 343.0 mg/g。与纤维素对 Pb 2+ 551-561.
2+
的吸附量（17.5 mg/g）相比，纤维素膜对 Pb 的吸 [12] Lin Benlan (林本兰), Wu Lanlan (吴兰兰), Cui Sheng (崔升), et al.
Research progress of new heavy metal ion adsorbents[J]. Materials
附量明显提高。准二级动力学模型的线性相关系数
Reports (材料导报), 2015, 29(19): 18-23.
为 0.9946，计算得出理论吸附量为 349.7 mg/g，和 [13] Li Yanqing (李延庆), Liu Zhiming (刘志明), Cheng Xiaokai (程小
凯 ), et al. Preparation and characterization of sodium
实际测得最大吸附量 343.0 mg/g 相差不大，吸附过
alginate/cellulose composite microspheres[J]. Chemistry and
程以化学吸附为主。 Industry of Forest Products (林产化学与工业), 2019, 39(2): 67-72.
（2）采用 SEM、比表面积及孔径分布、FTIR、 [14] Lin Shan (林珊). Preparation of cellulose antibacterial membrane and
its deep water treatment[D]. Fuzhou: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry
XRD 和 TG 对纤维素膜进行微观结构表征与热稳定 University (福建农林大学), 2013.
性能分析。结果表明，纤维素膜由表面致密变为含 [15] Chen Peizhen (陈培珍), Liu Ruilai (刘瑞来), Zhao Jinyun (赵瑨云),
2+
有大小不一的孔洞结构，吸附 Pb 后的纤维素膜被 et al. Succinic anhydride grafted cellulose nanofiber membrane and
its heavy metal ion adsorption[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied
填充饱和，表面聚集着颗粒状的附着物；纤维素膜 Chemistry (应用化学), 2017, 34(8): 891-898.
的平均孔径大于纤维素，吸附过程中物理吸附占有 [16] Cheng R, Kang M, Zhuang S T, et al. Adsorption of Sr(Ⅱ) from
water by mercerized bacterial cellulose membrane modified with
率较小；纤维素膜中纤维素的部分氢键被破坏，产 EDTA[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2019, 364: 645-653.
2+
生的 C==O 和 N—H 与 Pb 发生螯合作用，有利于 [17] Niu Wenjuan (牛稳娟). Study on preparation and properties of
2+
提高对 Pb 的吸附量。纤维素膜中部分纤维素结晶 cellulose membrane of corn straw[D]. Shanghai: Donghua University
(东华大学), 2015.
型由Ⅰ型转变为Ⅱ型，并产生了不定型结晶结构， [18] Guo Zhiqing (郭志清). Study on preparation and properties of
结晶度明显降低。纤维素膜的热稳定性好于纤维素。 cellulose membrane in ionic liquid[D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia
Agricultural University (内蒙古农业大学), 2016.
（3）纤维素膜相比其他复合改性纤维素膜，用 [19] Feng Quan (凤权), Wu Dingsheng (武丁胜), Huan Shan (桓珊), et
2+
于吸附水中重金属 Pb ，具有成本低、效率高和相 al. Preparation of AOPAN/RC nanofiber membrane and its
2+
对环保等优势，对吸附处理水中重金属 Pb 具有一 adsorption properties for metal ions[J]. Polymer Materials Science
and Engineering (高分子材料科学与工程), 2017, 33(8): 140-144.
定的理论参考意义，也为纤维素的高值化利用提供 [20] Cai Zhijiang (蔡志江), Zhang Qing (张青), Zhu Cong (朱聪), et al.
一定参考意义。 Preparation of cellulose/TiO 2 composite nanofiber membrane and its
2+
adsorption properties for Cu [J]. Polymer Materials Science and
Engineering (高分子材料科学与工程), 2018, 34(5): 131-136.
参考文献：
[21] Zhang S, Chen H, Zhang S, et al. Polyethylenimine grafted
[1] Xiao Chengkun (肖承坤). Analysis of current situation of lead H 2O 2-oxidized cellulose membrane as a novel biosorbent for Cr(Ⅵ)
pollution in China[J]. Environment and Sustainable Development (环 adsorption and detoxification from aqueous solution[J]. Cellulose,
境与可持续发展), 2017, 42(5): 91-92. 2019, 26(5): 3437-3453.
[2] Gao Dong (高东). Heavy metal pollution and prevention of water[J]. [22] Jayaramudu T, Varaprasad K, Kim H C, et al. Calcinated tea and
Chemical Enterprise Management (化工管理), 2019, (4): 37-38. cellulose composite films and its dielectric and lead adsorption
[3] Chai L, Li Q, Wang Q, et al. Solid-liquid separation: An emerging properties[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2017, 171: 183-192.