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·376·                             精细化工   FINE CHEMICALS                                  第 37 卷

            个快速分解阶段,这一阶段为纤维素膜的主要裂解                                 issue in heavy metal wastewater treatment[J]. Environmental Science
                                                                   and Pollution Research, 2018, 25(18): 17250-17267.
            阶段,此阶段的失重率为 27.9%,低于纤维素的主
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            要裂解起始温度(307.6 ℃)。这是因为 NaOH 中的                          benefit  for  heavy  metal  wastewater  treatment  using  sulfide
            —OH 破坏了纤维素的分子内和分子间氢键,导致                                precipitation[J]. Clean-Soil Air Water, 2017, 45(4): 1-8.
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            纤维素分子裂解温度降低,而结晶度越低,纤维素                                 introduction[M]. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2017: 1-49.
            的分解温度越低        [45] ,这和 XRD 的分析结果一致;               [6]   Sengupta A K. Different units of capacity, concentration, mass, and
            350.1 ℃时二者的残留率处于同一水平,350.1 ℃之                          volume[M]. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2017: 457-458.
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            后纤维素膜的分解速率低于纤维素,最终残炭量为                                 heavy  metal-containing  wastewater  with  the  removal  of  COD  and
            18.1%,明显高于纤维素的残炭量(7.0%),这是因                            heavy metal ions[J]. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 2017,
                                                                   64(5): 493-502.
                                     +
            为纤维素膜中有残留的 Na ,导致纤维素膜最终残
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                (1)以 NaOH/尿素/硫脲为溶解体系制备纤维素                          2017, 4(1): 37-59.
                                          2+
            膜,用于吸附处理水中重金属 Pb ,考察凝固浴条                           [10]  Al-homaidan A A, Alabullatif J A, Al-Hazzani A A, et al. Adsorptive
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                                2+
            件对纤维素膜吸附 Pb 吸附量的影响。结果显示,
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            以体积分数为 7%的 H 2 SO 4 为凝固浴、凝固浴温度为                    [11]  Massie  B  J,  Sanders  T  H,  Dean  L  L.  Removal  of  heavy  metal
                                                       2+
            40 ℃、凝固时间为 120 min 时,纤维素膜对 Pb 的                        contamination  from  peanut  skin  extracts  by  waste  biomass
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            吸附量达到最大,为 343.0  mg/g。与纤维素对 Pb               2+        551-561.
                                                     2+
            的吸附量(17.5 mg/g)相比,纤维素膜对 Pb 的吸                      [12]  Lin Benlan (林本兰), Wu Lanlan (吴兰兰), Cui Sheng (崔升), et al.
                                                                   Research progress of new heavy metal ion adsorbents[J]. Materials
            附量明显提高。准二级动力学模型的线性相关系数
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            为 0.9946,计算得出理论吸附量为 349.7  mg/g,和                  [13]  Li Yanqing (李延庆), Liu Zhiming (刘志明), Cheng Xiaokai (程小
                                                                   凯 ),  et al.  Preparation  and  characterization  of  sodium
            实际测得最大吸附量 343.0 mg/g 相差不大,吸附过
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            XRD 和 TG 对纤维素膜进行微观结构表征与热稳定                             University (福建农林大学), 2013.
            性能分析。结果表明,纤维素膜由表面致密变为含                             [15]  Chen Peizhen (陈培珍), Liu Ruilai (刘瑞来), Zhao Jinyun (赵瑨云),
                                          2+
            有大小不一的孔洞结构,吸附 Pb 后的纤维素膜被                               et al. Succinic anhydride grafted cellulose nanofiber membrane and
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            填充饱和,表面聚集着颗粒状的附着物;纤维素膜                                 Chemistry (应用化学), 2017, 34(8): 891-898.
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            率较小;纤维素膜中纤维素的部分氢键被破坏,产                                 EDTA[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2019, 364: 645-653.
                                    2+
            生的 C==O 和 N—H 与 Pb 发生螯合作用,有利于                      [17]  Niu  Wenjuan  (牛稳娟).  Study  on  preparation  and  properties  of
                      2+
            提高对 Pb 的吸附量。纤维素膜中部分纤维素结晶                               cellulose membrane of corn straw[D]. Shanghai: Donghua University
                                                                   (东华大学), 2015.
            型由Ⅰ型转变为Ⅱ型,并产生了不定型结晶结构,                             [18]  Guo  Zhiqing  (郭志清).  Study  on  preparation  and  properties  of
            结晶度明显降低。纤维素膜的热稳定性好于纤维素。                                cellulose  membrane  in  ionic  liquid[D].  Hohhot:  Inner  Mongolia
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                (3)纤维素膜相比其他复合改性纤维素膜,用                          [19]  Feng Quan (凤权), Wu Dingsheng (武丁胜), Huan Shan (桓珊), et
                                2+
            于吸附水中重金属 Pb ,具有成本低、效率高和相                               al.  Preparation  of  AOPAN/RC  nanofiber  membrane  and  its
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            对环保等优势,对吸附处理水中重金属 Pb 具有一                               adsorption  properties  for  metal  ions[J].  Polymer  Materials  Science
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            定的理论参考意义,也为纤维素的高值化利用提供                             [20]  Cai Zhijiang (蔡志江), Zhang Qing (张青), Zhu Cong (朱聪), et al.
            一定参考意义。                                                Preparation of cellulose/TiO 2 composite nanofiber membrane and its
                                                                                     2+
                                                                   adsorption  properties  for  Cu [J].  Polymer  Materials  Science  and
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