Page 118 - 《精细化工》2020年第6期

第 37 卷第 6 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.37, No.6
202 0 年 6 月 FINE CHEMICALS June 2020

功能材料
软硬链段添加碳纳米管/炭黑对聚氨酯

纳米纤维性能的影响

孙静怡 1,2 ，黄锋林 1,2* ，薛丽媛 1,2 ，李柱泉 1,2 ，海文清 1,2

（1. 江南大学 纺织科学与工程学院，江苏 无锡 214122；2. 江南大学 生态纺织教育部重点实验室，江
苏 无锡 214122）

摘要：以聚丙二醇（PPG 2000）和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯（MDI-50）为原料，利用预聚法合成聚氨酯（PU）。
在预聚过程中加入碳纳米管（CNT），合成碳纳米管/聚氨酯（CNT/PU）；在扩链过程中加入炭黑（CB），合成炭
黑/聚氨酯（CB/PU）。结合静电纺丝制备 CNT/PU、CB/PU 纳米纤维。采用 SEM、TEM、FTIR、DSC、XRD 对
两种纳米纤维的结构进行了表征，对纳米纤维膜的电性能、力学性能及传感性能进行了测试。结果表明，由于
CNT/CB 在聚氨酯软硬链段的选择性嵌入，聚氨酯纳米纤维的微相分离程度分别增大/减小；相对纯 PU 纳米纤
维膜，CNT/PU 纳米纤维膜的断裂伸长率降低，CB/PU 纳米纤维膜的断裂强度提高。导电填料（CNT、CB）的
含量以聚氨酯的质量（PPG 2000、MDI-50 和无水乙二胺的总质量）为基准，当 CNT 的含量为 6.0%时，CNT/PU
纤维膜的电阻率为 1.22 Ω·m，传感系数 GF 为 45.64（拉伸应变在 80%~120%）；当 CB 含量为 12.5%时，CB/PU
纤维膜的电阻率为 0.14 Ω·m，传感系数 GF 为 167.43（拉伸应变在 80%~120%）。
关键词：碳纳米管；炭黑；选择性嵌入；微相分离；力学性能；传感性能；功能材料
中图分类号：TP212；TQ342 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2020) 06-1184-09

Effect of carbon nanotubes/carbon black dispersed in soft and hard chain

segment of polyurethane on the properties of polyurethane nanofibers

1,2
1,2
1,2
1,2
SUN Jingyi , HUANG Fenglin 1,2* , XUE Liyuan , LI Zhuquan , HAI Wenqing
（1. College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; 2. Key Laboratory
of Eco-Textile Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China）
Abstract: Polyurethane (PU) was synthesized from polypropylene glycol (PPG 2000) and
diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI-50) by prepolymerization method. Carbon nanotubes/polyurethane
(CNT/PU) was obtained by adding carbon nanotubes in the prepolymerization process, while carbon
black/polyurethane (CB/PU) was obtained by adding carbon black in the process of chain extension. Then,
CNT/PU nanofiber and CB/PU nanofiber were obtained by electrospinning technique. Two nanofibers were
characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR, DSC and XRD. The electrical, mechanical and sensing properties of
nanofiber membranes were tested. The results showed that the degree of microphase separation of the prepared
polyurethane nanofibers increased/decreased due to the selective embedding of CNT/CB in the soft and
hard segments of polyurethane. Compared with that of pure PU nanofiber membrane, the elongation at
break of CNT/PU nanofiber membrane decreased, and the breaking strength of CB/PU nanofiber membrane
increased. Herein, the content of conductive filler (CNT, CB) was based on the mass of polyurethane (total
mass of PPG 2000, MDI-50 and anhydrous ethylenediamine). When the content of CNT was 6.0%, the
prepared CNT/PU nanofiber membrane had a resistivity of 1.22 Ω·m and sensing coefficient (GF) of 45.64
(tensile strain in 80%~120%). While the content of CB was 12.5%, the resistivity and GF of the prepared
CB/PU nanofiber membrane were 0.14 Ω·m and 167.43 (tensile strain in 80%~120%), respectively.

收稿日期：2019-11-22; 定用日期：2020-03-27; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20191098
基金项目：江苏省重点研发计划（BE2017060）；中国博士后特别资助基金（169493）
作者简介：孙静怡（1995—），女，硕士生。联系人：黄锋林（1979—），男，教授，E-mail：flhuang@jiangnan.edu.cn。