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·1932· 精细化工 FINE CHEMICALS 第 37 卷
性 M-MFRP-PP 能够保护内部结构不受破坏,明显 热分解挥发产物成分相近,M-MFRP-PP 的分解焓由
减少了烟的释放速率和 CO 的释放,抑制了烟雾的 MFRP-PP 的 58 mW 提高到 63 mW;锥形量热测试
生成,有效地保护了基材。在火灾中,人们往往是 M-MFRP-PP 的 PHRR、THR、TSP 以 COP 均小于
因有毒气体的释放而造成昏迷或死亡。经过改性处 MFRP-PP;M-MFRP-PP 燃烧残炭形貌更均匀致密。
理的样品 M-MFRP-PP,在发生火灾后带来的危害相 因此,改性 MF 包覆 RP 可以降低包覆 RP 在阻
对较小。 燃材料加工过程中 PH 3 的释放量,不会对阻燃材料
性能产生额外的不利影响。
表 4 MFRP-PP(a)和 M-MFRP-PP(b)的锥形量热
数据 参考文献:
Table 4 Cone calorimeter data of MFRP-PP(a) and M- [1] CHEN X Y, HUANG Z H, XI X Q, et al. Synergistic effect of carbon
MFRP-PP(b) and phosphorus flame retardants in rigid polyurethane foams[J]. Fire
PHRR/ THR/ TSP/ COP/ and Materials, 2018, 42(4): 447-453.
试样 TTI/s 2 2 2
(kW/m ) 〔MJ/(m ·kg)〕(m /kg) (mg/s) [2] MO H B, XU L P, ZHOU T. Novel synergistic flame-retardant
MFRP-PP 48 632.9 89.1 27.5 42.2 system of Mg-Al-Co-LDHs/DPCPB for ABS resins[J]. Journal of
Applied Polymer Science, 2018, 135(22): 46319.
M-MFRP-PP 47 588.5 87.9 24.9 38.8
[3] LIU Y H, ZHANG A Y, SHEN C F, et al. Single-step flash-heat
注:PHRR 为热释放速率峰值;SPR 为烟释放速率; TSP synthesis of red phosphorus/graphene flame-retardant composite as
为总烟释放量;COP 为 CO 释放量。 flexible anodes for sodium-ion batteries[J]. Nano Research, 2018,
11(7): 3780-3790.
图 7 为 MFRP-PP 和 M-MFRP-PP 锥形量热测试 [4] ZHOU D F, HE W D, WANG N, et al. Effect of thermo-oxidative
aging on the mechanical and flame retardant properties of long glass
后所得炭层的 SEM 图。 fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites filled with red
phosphorus[J]. Polymer Composites, 2018, 39(8): 2635-2642.
[5] XU L, WANG J P, YANG R. A new flame retardance strategy for
shape stabilized phase change materials by surface coating[J]. Solar
Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2017, 170(10): 87-94.
[6] WANG D K, HE H, YU P. Flame-retardant and thermal degradation
mechanism of low-density polyethylene modified with aluminum
hypophosphite and microencapsulated red phosphorus[J]. Journal of
Applied Polymer Science, 2016, 133(13): 43225.
[7] WU Z P, HU Y C, CHEN M Q. The effect of intumescent flame
retardant contained microencapsulated red phosphorus on the flame
retardance and thermal degradation behaviour of epoxy resin[J].
图 7 MFRP-PP(a)和 M-MFRP-PP(b)炭层扫描电镜图 Advanced Materials Research, 2011, 197/198: 1167-1170.
Fig. 7 SEM images of carbon layer of MFRP-PP(a) and M- [8] LIU J C, PENG S G, ZHANG Y B, et al. Influence of
MFRP-PP(b) microencapsulated red phosphorus on the flame retardancy of high
impact polystyrene/magnesium hydroxide composite and its mode of
从图 7 可以看到,二者均形成了致密炭层,但 action[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2015, 121(11):
是 MFRP-PP 形成的炭层较疏松,而 M-MFRP-PP 形 208-221.
[9] NING Y C (宁永成). Structural identification of organic compounds
成的炭层较紧致。所以,改性 MF 包覆 RP 对所阻燃 and organic spectroscopy [M]. 3rd ed. Beijing: Science Press (科学
的 PP 性能没有明显影响,反而使热解形成的炭层更 出版社), 2014.
均匀致密。 [10] MA Q (马千), LIU Z J (刘增杰), LIANG Y (梁轶), et al. Red
phosphorus coating with dialcohol-modified melamine formaldehyde
resin[J]. Applied Chemistry (应用化学), 2015, 32(10): 1153-1158.
3 结论 [11] SUN C Y, DONG T H, MA Q, et al. The invention relates to a
method for simulating the press of a red phosphorus flame retardant
M-MFRP 在阻燃 PP 加工条件下 PH 3 释放量明 material and absorbing phosphine in a laboratory:
显降低,对 PP 的阻燃性能、力学性能、热分解性能 CN104297187A[P]. 2015-01-21.
[12] REN Y, YUAN D D, LI W M, et al. Flame retardant efficiency of
以及火行为影响不大。添加量为 10% MFRP 或 KH-550 modified urea-formaldehyde resin cooperating with
M-MFRP 的 PP,其 LOI 值分别达到 22.9%和 22.5%, ammonium polyphosphate on polypropylene[J]. Polymer
Degradation and Stability, 2018, 151: 160-171.
垂直燃烧均通过 UL-94 V-1 级;力学性能接近;
[13] WANG L (王磊). Mechanical properties of materials[M]. 3rd ed.
MFRP-PP 和 M-MFRP-PP 的热分解性能差异不大; Shenyang: Northeastern University Press (东北大学出版社), 2014.