Page 186 - 《精细化工》2021年第1期
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第 38 卷第 1 期                             精   细   化   工                                  Vol.38, No.1
             202 1 年 1 月                             FINE CHEMICALS                                 Jan.  2021


              橡塑助剂
               卡拉胶/金属氧化物协同聚磷酸铵制备阻燃天然橡胶



                   王   娜    1,2 ,辛远航      1,2 ,张鑫雨      1,2 ,尤家奇       1,2 ,张   静    1,2 ,姜   岩    1,2*

                 (1.  沈阳化工大学  中西高等材料研究院,辽宁  沈阳   110142;2.  沈阳化工大学  辽宁省特种功能材料合
                 成与制备重点实验室,辽宁  沈阳  110142)

                 摘要:将卡拉胶(KC)、聚磷酸铵(APP)分别和 Fe 2 O 3 、CuO、Al 2 O 3 、MnO 2  4 种金属氧化物(MO)三者复配
                 构成的协同阻燃剂(KC/MO/APP)加入到天然橡胶(NR)中,制备了 NR/KC/MO/APP 复合材料。通过极限氧
                 指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL-94)、锥形量热(CCT)测试了其阻燃性能。结果表明,NR/KC/MO/APP 复合材料
                 的阻燃等级均达到 UL-94 V-0 级,LOI 在 26.5%~27.3%之间,具有较好的阻燃性。与 NR 相比,NR/KC/CuO/APP
                 复合材料的热释放速率峰值和总热释放量分别下降了 63.7%和 42.0%。同时 KC/MO/APP 还有抑烟作用,
                 NR/KC/Fe 2 O 3 /APP 复合材料总烟释放量比 NR 下降了 35.0%,处于最低水平。TGA 结果显示,NR/KC/CuO/APP
                 复合材料 800  ℃时的残炭量(W 800 )达到 34.85%,比 NR/APP 提高了 28.7%。NR/KC/MO/APP 复合材料炭层更
                 致密,表明 KC/MO 与 APP 的协同作用对形成稳定炭层起着重要作用。另外,NR/KC/MnO 2 /APP 复合材料力学
                 性能最优,其拉伸强度和断裂伸长率比 NR/APP 分别提高 32.6%和 20.9%,表明 MnO 2 的加入可弥补阻燃剂对
                 NR 造成的力学性能损失。
                 关键词:天然橡胶;卡拉胶;金属氧化物;聚磷酸铵;膨胀型阻燃剂
                 中图分类号:TQ332      文献标识码:A      文章编号:1003-5214 (2021) 01-0176-07


                     Carrageenan/metal oxide synergistic ammonium polyphosphate to

                                     prepare flame-retardant natural rubber

                            1,2
                                                                                       1,2
                                                                         1,2
                                                            1,2
                                            1,2
                  WANG Na , XIN Yuanhang , ZHANG Xinyu , YOU Jiaqi , ZHANG Jing , JIANG Yan          1,2*
                 (1. Sino-Spanish  Advanced Materials Institute, Shenyang University of Chemical  Technology, Shenyang 110142,
                 Liaoning, China; 2. Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Preparation of Special Functional Materials,
                 Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, Liaoning, China)
                 Abstract: Carrageenan  (KC) and ammonium polyphosphate  (APP)  were compounded  with four  metal
                 oxides (MO) Fe 2O 3, CuO, Al 2O 3, MnO 2, respectively to obtain synergistic flame retardants (KC/MO/APP),
                 then natural rubber (NR)/KC/MO/APP composites were prepared by adding KC/MO/APP into NR. The
                 flame retardancy of the composites was tested by limit oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion (UL-94)
                 and cone calorimetry (CCT). The results showed  that the NR/KC/MO/APP composites had  good flame
                 retardant properties, the flame retardancy reached the level of UL-94 V-0, and the LOI values ranged from
                 26.5% to 27.3%. The peak value of heat release rate and total heat release of NR/KC/CuO/APP composites
                 decreased by  63.7% and  42.0% compared  with those  of NR. Meanwhile, KC/MO/APP  had smoke
                 suppression effect, and the total smoke release of NR/KC/Fe 2O 3/APP composites was the lowest, which was
                 35.0% lower  than that of  NR. TGA results revealed  that the carbon residue (W 800) at 800  ℃ of
                 NR/KC/CuO/APP composites reached  34.85%, 28.7% higher  than  that of NR/APP. NR/KC/MO/APP
                 composites had a denser carbon layer, indicating that the synergizing effect of KC/MO and APP played an
                 important role in forming a stable carbon layer. In addition, NR/KC/MnO 2/APP composites had the best

                 收稿日期:2020-06-10;  定用日期:2020-08-17; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20200505
                 基金项目:国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥(2019YFF0302004);国家自然科学基金(51973124);沈阳市科技局中西高等材料研究院
                 资助项目(18-005-6-04);2019 年度教育部“春晖计划”合作科研项目;辽宁省-沈阳材料科学国家研究中心联合研发基金
                 (2019JH3/30100015);辽宁“百千万人才工程”项目(辽人社函〔2020〕78 号)
                 作者简介:王   娜(1977—),女,教授,E-mail:iamwangna@sina.com。联系人:姜   岩(1989—),男,讲师,E-mail:na_jiangyan@sina.com。
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