Page 40 - 《精细化工》2021年第6期
P. 40
·1102· 精细化工 FINE CHEMICALS 第 38 卷
(CB)电位为 0.46 eV,很容易被加热激发 [23,26] , of CoFe 2O 4@C nano-composites and their catalytic performance for
the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate[J]. Chinese
当其受到热激发后将产生大量的空穴和电子,这些 Journal of Explosives & Propellants (火炸药学报), 2019, 42(4):
358-362.
空穴一方面可以转移给受热处于亚稳态的 AP,加速 [7] HOSSEINI S, AHMADI R, GHAVI A, et al. Synthesis and char-
HClO 4 和 NH 3 的生成,且随着温度的增加,空穴和 acterization of α-Fe 2O 3, mesoporous using SBA-15 silica as template
and investigation of its catalytic activity for thermal decomposition
电子的浓度快速增加,同时也将提供给中间生成的 of ammonium perchlorate particles[J]. Powder Technology, 2015,
278(2): 316-322.
HClO 4 和 NH 3,这些空穴和电子的强氧化作用和强还 [8] CHEN J, HE S M, HUANG B, et al. Highly space-confined
原作用可以加快 NH 3 与 HClO 4 的氧化还原反应 [3,27] , ammonium perchlorate in three-dimensional hierarchically ordered
porous carbon with improved thermal decomposition properties[J].
最终完成 AP 的热分解反应。另外,纳米 Al 粉在 Applied Surface Science, 2018, 457(1): 508-515.
CuO 的基底上复合紧密,且纳米 Al 拥有较好的导电 [9] VARGEESE A A. A kinetic investigation on the mechanism and
activity of copper oxide nanorods on the thermal decomposition of
性,这将加快载流子的转移,进一步促进 AP 的热 propellants[J]. Combustion & Flame, 2016, 165(3): 354-360.
[10] YAN Q L (严启龙). Discussion on the evaluation criteria of solid
分解反应 [14] 。因此,CuO/Al 复合催化剂高效的催化 propellant combustion catalyst[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic
Materials (含能材料), 2019, 27(4): 266-269.
作用也是由 CuO 和 Al 协同作用的结果。 [11] MAHINROOSTA M. Catalytic effect of commercial nano-CuO and
nano-Fe 2O 3 on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate[J].
Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry, 2013, 3(1): 1-6.
3 结论 [12] HOSSEINI S G, ABAZARI R. A facile one-step route for production
of CuO, NiO, and CuO-NiO nanoparticles and comparison of their
( 1 )本研究利用溶胶 - 凝胶法成功制备了 catalytic activity for ammonium perchlorate decomposition[J]. RSC
Advances, 2015, (5): 258-265.
CuO/Al 复合催化剂,其为块状颗粒,以 CuO 为基 [13] QIN H, ZHA M, MA Z, et al. Controllable fabrication of
CuO/ammonium perchlorate (AP) nanocomposites through ceramic
底,表面负载了大量分散的纳米 Al 粉,二者结合紧 membrane anti-solvent recrystallization[J]. Propellants Explosives
密,形成了完整的纳米复合材料。 Pyrotechnics, 2015, 39(5): 694-700.
[14] MA Z Y (马振叶). Preparation method of nano-Al/CuO-AP energetic
(2)通过研究相同条件下添加 CuO/Al 复合催 composite particles: CN 201610070127[P]. 2016-02-01.
化剂和 CuO+Al 混合物对 AP 的催化作用,可以得 [15] WANG H, ZACHARIAH M R, XIE L, et al. Ignition and
combustion characterization of nano-Al-AP and nano-Al-CuO-AP
出所制备 CuO/Al 复合催化剂对 AP 的催化作用明显 micro-sized composites produced by electrospray technique[J].
Energy Procedia, 2015, 66: 109-112.
优于普通混合物 CuO+Al,促进了 AP 在低温下快速 [16] ZHU Y, ZHOU X, XU J B, et al. In situ preparation of explosive
embedded CuO/Al/CL-20 nanoenergetic composite with enhanced
分解,提高了 AP 的热分解效率。由此可以说明, reactivity[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018, 354: 885-895.
该含能催化剂可以有效将燃料 Al 粉和 CuO 两种组 [17] INGALE S V, SASTRY P, WAGH P B, et al. Preparation of
nano-structured RDX in a silica xerogel matrix[J]. Propellants
分进行功能化集成,这对今后推进剂中多组分功能 Explosives Pyrotechnics, 2013, 38: 515-519.
化集成研究应用提供了思路和基础。 [18] WANG C A, XU J B, D J, et al. Probing the reaction mechanism of
Al/CuO nanocomposites doped with ammonium perchlorate[J].
(3)通过对比添加质量分数 1%、3%、5%的 Nanotechnology, 2020, 31: 255401.
[19] AN T (安亭), ZHAO F Q (赵凤起), YI J H (仪建华), et al. Preparation,
CuO/Al 复合催化剂对 AP 的催化效果,发现催化剂 characterization, decomposition mechanism and non-isothermal
加入量越多催化效果越强,热分解速率越快,添加 decomposition reaction kinetics of the super thermite Al/CuO
precursor[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica (物理化学学报), 2011,
质量分数 5%的 CuO/Al 复合催化剂可以使 AP 的低 27(2): 281-288.
[20] BI Y T (毕于铁), REN H B (任洪波), ZHANG Q J (张庆军), et al.
温分解峰和高温分解峰分别降为 289.4 和 318.0 ℃, Synthesis and characterization of copper-based aerogel[J]. Atomic
相对纯 AP,峰温分别降低了 24.2 和 120.2 ℃,大 Energy Science and Technology (原子能科学技术), 2012, 46(11):
1292-1295.
大改善了 AP 的热分解性能,提高了其热分解效率。 [21] CHENG J, ZHANG R C, LI Z M, et al. Preparation and
characterization of Pb-ANPyO/CNTs nanocomposites and their catalytic
effects on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate[J].
参考文献: Combustion Science and Technology, 2017, 189: 869-889.
[22] JACIBS M C, WHITEHEAD H M. Decomposition and combustion
[1] YAN S D, YUE S, TAO Y F, et al. Enhanced persulfate-mediated
photocatalytic oxidation of bisphenol A using bioelectricity and a of ammonium perchlorate[J]. Chemical Reviews, 1969, 69(4): 551-590.
g-C 3N 4/Fe 2O 3 heterojunction[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, [23] WANG J P, XU H, QIAN X F, et al. Direct synthesis of porous
nanorod-type graphitic carbon nitride/CuO composite from Cu-melamine
2019, 359: 933-943. supramolecular framework towards enhanced photocatalytic
[2] DALINGER I L, KYRILL S, SHKINEVA T K, et al. Bipyrazole performance[J]. Chemistry-An Asian Journal, 2015, 10(6): 1276-1280.
bearing ten nitro groups-A novel highly dense oxidizer for forward- [24] CHEN J, HE S M, HUANG B, et al. Highly space-confined
looking rocket propulsions[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, ammonium perchlorate in three-dimensional hierarchically ordered
2018, 6(30): 14780-14786. porous carbon with improved thermal decomposition properties[J].
[3] ZHONG H, CHENG Z P, ZHANG L, et al. Synthesis of flower-like Applied Surface Science, 2018, 457(11): 508-515.
and dendritic platinum nanostructures with excellent catalytic [25] MOUSAVI M, HABIBI Y A. Magnetically recoverable highly
activities on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate[J]. efficient visible-light-active g-C 3N 4/Fe 3O 4/Ag 2WO 4/AgBr nanocomposites
Materials Research Bulletin, 2016, 77: 54-59. for photocatalytic degradations of environmental pollutants[J].
[4] YAN N, QIN L J, LI J G, et al. Atomic layer deposition of iron oxide Advanced Powder Technology, 2018, 29: 94-105.
on reduced graphene oxide and its catalytic activity in the thermal [26] XU J H, LI S Y, TAN L H, et al. Enhanced catalytic activity of
decomposition of ammonium perchlorate[J]. Applied Surface mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride on thermal decomposition of
Science, 2018, 451: 155-161. ammonium perchlorate via copper oxide modification[J]. Materials
[5] MA Z, LI C, WU R J, et al. Preparation and characterization of Research Bulletin, 2017, 93: 352-360.
Fe 2O 3/ammonium perchlorate (AP) nanocomposites through ceramic [27] TANG G, TIAN S Q, ZHOU Z X, et al. ZnO micro/nanocrystals with
membrane anti-solvent crystallization[J]. Propellants Explosives tunable exposed (0001) facets for enhanced catalytic activity on the
Pyrotechnics, 2012, 37(2): 183-190. thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate[J]. Journal of
[6] YE P (叶平), LU Y W (鲁月文), XU P F (许鹏飞), et al. Preparation Physical Chemistry C, 2014, 118(22): 11833-11841.