Page 213 - 《精细化工》2022年第2期

第 39 卷第 2 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.39, No.2
2022 年 2 月 FINE CHEMICALS Feb. 2022

油田化学品与油品添加剂
吉木萨尔页岩油乳化原因及对策

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郑 苗 ，高晨豪 ，张凤娟 ，许振芳 ，张敬春 ，郭继香
〔1. 中国石油新疆油田分公司 工程技术研究院，新疆 克拉玛依 834000；2. 中国石油大学（北京） 非
常规油气科学技术研究院，北京 102249〕
摘要：吉木萨尔原油压裂开采过程中常出现乳化增黏现象，影响了原油正常生产。为明晰原油乳化原因，考察
了原油组分、压裂液组分与 pH 等对乳状液稳定性和对界面性质的影响；采用醇碱萃取得到石油酸，通过高分
辨质谱分析了石油酸分布和组成。结果表明，胍胶压裂液破胶液比聚合物滑溜水压裂液更易乳化。引起吉木萨
尔原油乳化的主要原因：一是原油中含有较多的环烷酸、芳香酸、脂肪酸等界面活性物质；二是压裂液组分中
的碱及弱碱性地层水与原油中的酸性物质长时间作用，形成界面活性较强的皂类；三是在生产过程中强烈的搅
拌促进原油乳化。在原油与胍胶压裂液破胶液混合液中加入质量分数为 0.5%的 JN-1 降黏剂后，30 ℃时混合液
黏度由 2232 mPa·s 降至 155 mPa·s，表明 JN-1 降黏剂的加入可有效降低混合液黏度。因此，可采用不含碱的聚
合物滑溜水压裂液，并在压裂液中加入降黏剂以解决吉木萨尔原油压裂乳化增黏的问题。
关键词：乳状液；稳定性；压裂液；界面张力；油品添加剂
中图分类号：TE357 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2022) 02-0417-09

Causes and countermeasures of shale oil emulsification in Jimusar

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ZHENG Miao , GAO Chenhao , ZHANG Fengjuan , XU Zhenfang ,
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ZHANG Jingchun , GUO Jixiang
（1. Research Institute of Engineering Technology, Xinjiang Oilfield Branch Company, PetroChina, Karamay 834000,
Xinjiang, China; 2. Unconventional Oil and Gas Research Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China）
Abstract: Emulsification and viscosity increase often occur during fracturing production of crude oil in
Jimusar, which affects the normal production of crude oil. In order to clarify the cause of crude oil
emulsification, the effects of crude oil composition, fracturing fluid composition and pH on emulsion
stability and interface properties were studied. Petroleum acid was obtained by alcohol alkali extraction.
The distribution and composition of petroleum acid were analyzed by high resolution mass spectrometry.
The results showed that guanidine gum fracturing fluid gel breaking liquid was more emulsified than
polymer slickwater fracturing fluid. The main reasons for the emulsification of crude oil in Jimusar were as
follows: First, there were many interfacial active substances such as naphthenic acid, aromatic acid and
fatty acid in the crude oil. Second, the alkali and weakly alkaline formation water in the fracturing fluid
components interacted with the acidic substances in the crude oil for a long time to form soaps with strong
interfacial activity. Third, strong stirring in the production process promoted crude oil emulsification. The
addition of mass fraction 0.5% JN-1 viscosity reducing agent made the viscosity of the mixture of crude oil
and guanidine gum fracturing fluid gel breaking liquid decreased from 2232 mPa·s to 155 mPa·s at 30 ℃,
indicating that JN-1 viscosity reducing agent could effectively reduce the viscosity of the mixture.
Therefore, the alkali free polymer slickwater fracturing liquid could be adopted and adding viscosity
reducer into fracturing fluid to solve the problem of fracturing emulsification and viscosity increase of
crude oil in Jimusar.
Key words: emulsion; stability; fracturing fluid; interfacial tension; petroleum additives

收稿日期：2021-08-05; 定用日期：2021-09-08; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20210792
基金项目：中石油战略合作科技专项（ZLZX2020-02-07-03）
作者简介：郑 苗（1989—），女，硕士，工程师，E-mail：zhengmiao2016@petrochina.com.cn。联系人：郭继香（1965—），女，教
授，E-mail：guojx002@163.com。