Page 161 - 《精细化工》2022年第6期
P. 161
第 6 期 杨旭锋,等: 单核细胞趋化蛋白-1 抑制剂宾达利的合成及表征 ·1227·
钠用量,收率不再继续提高,说明此时碱的用量已 目标产物宾达利,并提出了可能的反应机理。
能使反应完全。因此,1-苄基吲唑-3-甲醇和氢氧化 该路线中宾达利最后一步的最佳合成条件为:
钠的最佳物质的量比为 1∶10。 n(Ⅲ)∶n(NaOH)∶n(CHCl 3 )=1∶10∶4,反应温度为
2.2.4.4 氯仿用量的选择 55 ℃,反应时间 3 h。
氯仿用量对产物收率的影响见表 5。 该方法所用原料廉价易得,酯基还原采用对水
气和氧较稳定的硼氢化钠来完成,反应温度较低(≤
表 5 氯仿用量对产物收率的影响 65 ℃),且中间体和 BIN 均无需柱层析分离,易于
Table 5 Effect of CHCl 3 on product yield
实现工业化生产。
n(Ⅲ)∶n(CHCl 3) 1∶2 1∶3 1∶4 1∶5
收率/% 42.7 53.1 65.0 64.8 参考文献:
注:n(Ⅲ)∶n(NaOH) = 1∶10,反应温度 55 ℃,反应时间 [1] JIA T, SERBINA N V, BRANDL K, et al. Additive roles for MCP-1
3 h。 and MCP-3 in CCR2-mediated recruitment of inflammatory monocytes
during Listeria monocytogenes infection[J]. Journal of Immunology,
由表 5 可知,增加氯仿用量,宾达利的收率随 2008, 180: 6846-6853.
[2] WOLF S, JOHNSON S, PERWITASARI O, et al. Targeting the
之增加。当 n(1-苄基吲唑-3-甲醇)∶n(CHCl 3)=1∶4 时, pro-inflammatory factor CCL2 (MCP-1) with bindarit for influenza a
宾达利收率达到 65.0%。继续增加氯仿用量,收率 (H7N9) treatment[J]. Clinical & Translational Immunology, 2017,
6(3): e135.
没有继续提高,说明反应已达最大限度。因此,1-
[3] LUSTER A D, ROTHENBERG M E. Role of the monocyte
苄基吲唑-3-甲醇与氯仿的最佳物质的量比为 1∶4。 chemoattractant protein and eotaxin subfamily of chemokines in
2.2.4.5 合成宾达利的反应机理 allergic inflammation[J]. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 1997, 62(5):
620-633.
结合以上反应事实,本文提出了可能的反应机 [4] ODDI S, SCIPIONI L, TOTARO A, et al. The anti-inflammatory
理(图 6):首先,氯仿在氢氧化钠的作用下拔掉一 agent bindarit acts as a modulator of fatty acid-binding protein 4 in
human monocytic cells[J]. Scientific Reports, 2019, 9: 15155.
个氢形成三氯甲烷碳负离子 a,该碳负离子再进攻
[5] PACCOSI S, MUSILLI C, MANGANO G, et al. The monocyte
丙酮的羰基,产生氧负离子 b 并取代邻位的一个氯 chemotactic protein synthesis inhibitor bindarit prevents mesangial
离子,形成一个三元环氧环 c。 cell proliferation and extracellular matrix remodeling[J]. Pharmacological
Research, 2012, 66(6): 526-535.
同样Ⅲ在氢氧化钠的作用下形成氧负离子 d,d [6] GE S J, SHRESTHA B, PAUL D, et al. The CCL2 synthesis inhibitor
进一步进攻上述 c 使得三元环氧环顺利打开,在原 bindarit targets cells of the neurovascular unit, and suppresses
氯仿碳上产生一个氧负离子 e,随后电子转移形成 experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis[J]. Journal of
Neuroinflammation, 2012, 9(1): 1-13.
羰基,同时氯离子离去变为酰氯结构 f,最后水解得 [7] RAGHU H, LEPUS C M, WANG Q, et al. CCL2/CCR2, but not
到目标产物 BIN。 CCL5/CCR5, mediates monocyte recruitment, inflammation and
cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis[J]. Annals of the Rheumatic
Diseases, 2017, 76(5): 914-922.
[8] SHEN Z S, KUANG S H, ZHANG M, et al. Inhibition of CCL2 by
bindarit alleviates diabetes-associated periodontitis by suppressing
inflammatory monocyte infiltration and altering macrophage properties[J].
Cellular & Molecular Immunology, 2021,18(9): 2224-2235.
[9] ZOLLO M, DI DATO V, SPANO D, et al. Targeting monocyte
chemotactic protein-1 synthesis with bindarit induces tumor regression
in prostate and breast cancer animal models[J]. Clinical &
Experimental Metastasis, 2012, 29(6): 585-601.
[10] LEANDRO B, BRUNO S. Ethers of 1-benzyl-3-hydroxymethyl-
indazole with aliphatic 2-hydroxyacids: EP382276A2[P]. 1990-08-16.
[11] GIULIANO C T, TOMMASO I, GUIDO F. Process for the preparation
of 1-benzyl-3-hydroxymethyl-1H-indazole and its derivatives and
required magnesium intermediates:WO2011015502A1[P]. 2011-10-02.
[12] DU C Y (杜彩彦), HUANG W B (黄伟彬), LIU H W (刘宏伟), et al.
A new mothod of synthesizing bindarit[J]. Chinese Journal of
图 6 合成宾达利反应机理 Synthetic Chemistry (合成化学), 2013, 21(2): 129-132.
Fig. 6 Reaction mechanism of synthetise BIN [13] JIAO X D, KHUMTAVEEPORN K. Processes of making
2-[(l-benzyl-lH-indazol-3-yl)methoxy]-2-ethylpropanoic acid and its
derivatives: WO2020261158A1[P]. 2020-12-30.
3 结论 [14] LIU Z J, SHI F, MARTINEZ P, et al. Synthesis of indazoles by the
[3+2] cycloaddition of diazo compounds with arynes and subsequent
acyl migration[J]. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2008, 73(1):
以吲唑-3-羧酸为原料,依次通过酯化反应、苄 219-226.
基化反应、酯基还原反应和缩合水解反应制备得到 (下转第 1276 页)