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第 3 期 王 兴,等: 改性 PU 海绵三维多孔界面蒸发器的制备及性能 ·591·
2.9 三维多孔界面蒸发器的稳定性测试 3 结论
考虑到三维多孔界面蒸发器在户外的实际应用
中会遭受长时间严重的紫外线照射,因此对大小为 通过采用 PVA 对 PU 海绵进行亲水改性,并在
3 cm×3 cm×1 cm的三维多孔界面蒸发器的超疏水表 其上表面喷涂 MWCNTs/PDMS 复合分散液,获得亲
面的稳定性进行了测试,三维多孔界面蒸发器距离 水/超疏水三维多孔界面蒸发器。该三维多孔界面蒸
紫外灯(300 W)25 cm,经不同时间照射后的表面 发器具有良好的光热性能、蒸发性能、拒盐性能、
水接触角见图 12。 自清洁性能。在海水淡化过程中,三维多孔界面蒸
2
从图 12 可以看出,随着紫外灯照射时间的延 发器在一个太阳光强(1.0 kW/m )下表面温度达
长,三维多孔界面蒸发器表面水滴的接触角从 0 h 61.3 ℃、吸收率为 98.57%,并且蒸发速率可达
2
时的 160.0°降至 24 h 时的 156.7°。可能是因为长时 1.8 kg/(m ·h)。同时,三维多孔界面蒸发器表面的自
间的紫外照射,对三维多孔界面蒸发器表面造成了 清洁性能可避免光热涂层被污物污染,从而保障其
氧化损伤,导致部分低表面能物质分解,但仍保持 光热转换效率的持续耐久性。因此,本文制备的三
超疏水性。表明三维多孔界面蒸发器在 24 h 照射时 维多孔界面蒸发器可为淡水资源短缺且能源匮乏地
间内有着较好的抗紫外线性能。 区解决用水难题,应用前景广泛。
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