Page 64 - 《精细化工》2023年第6期
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第 40 卷第 6 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.40, No.6
20 23 年 6 月 FINE CHEMICALS June 2023
综论
太阳能驱动大气集水:进展与展望
李吉焱,邢郭宇,景艳菊,刘美辰,孙寒雪
(兰州理工大学 石油化工学院,甘肃 兰州 730050)
摘要:受太阳能界面蒸发和被动辐射冷却启发的太阳能驱动大气集水(SAWH),以绿色和可持续的方式产生淡
水,具有不受地域限制的优势,在解决淡水资源危机方面具有巨大的潜力。近年来,为更好地实现 SAWH 的应
用,研究人员对 SAWH 的核心部件——吸湿材料不断地进行优化,开发出吸湿盐类、沸石类、硅胶类、金属-
有机框架(MOFs)类、复合材料类等吸湿材料,同时对集水装置进行设计和改进,取得了新的进展。该文对
SAWH 技术进行全面的回顾,梳理了适应于 SAWH 应用的不同吸湿材料,并对吸湿材料的性能进行了比较。分
析了不同 SAWH 系统,讨论了在不同气候条件下集水系统的潜在应用,并对这一技术的发展方向进行了展望。
关键词:太阳能驱动大气集水;吸湿材料;吸湿盐;沸石;硅胶;MOFs;集水装置
中图分类号:TK519;TB34 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5214 (2023) 06-1214-11
Solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting: Progress and prospect
LI Jiyan, XING Guoyu, JING yanju, LIU Meichen, SUN Hanxue
(School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China)
Abstract: Solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH), inspired by solar interface evaporation and
passive radiation cooling, shows great potential in solving the crisis of freshwater resources with the
advantage of producing freshwater in a green and sustainable manner and being free from geographical
constraints. In recent years, in order to better realize the application of SAWH, researchers have been
continuously optimizing the moisture absorption materials, the core component of SAWH technology, and
developed a variety of moisture absorption materials such as moisture absorption salts, zeolites, silica gels,
and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and composite materials. At the same time, new progress has been
achieved in the design and improvement of water gathering devices. Herein, SAWH technology was
comprehensively reviewed, and different moisture absorption materials suitable for SAWH were presented
along with detailed summarization of their properties. Meanwhile, different SAWH water collection
systems were analyzed, and their potential applications under different climatic conditions were discussed.
Finally, the future development directions of SAWH technology was prospected.
Key words: solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting; moisture absorption materials; hygroscopic salts;
zeolite; silica gel; MOFs; water collection device
清洁淡水的缺乏是目前最普遍的全球性问题, 获取水的方法主要有两种:直接冷凝法和材料吸附
全球有超过三分之一的人口生活在淡水资源紧缺的 法,其中直接冷凝法需要消耗大量的能量,且具有
[3]
[1]
国家或地区 。在解决水资源短缺这一问题上,太 地域局限性 ,而材料吸附法在解吸过程中同样存
阳能驱动大气集水(SAWH)已成为一种很有前途 在耗能大的问题。受太阳能界面蒸发和被动辐射冷
的策略,该技术在如今及未来的持续发展中,有望 却启发的 SAWH 不受地域限制,利用太阳光提供能
[2]
为 10 亿人提供安全的饮用水 。而从环境空气中 源,以绿色和可持续的方式从大气中捕获水分产生
收稿日期:2022-10-10; 定用日期:2022-12-05; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20220924
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(52066012);甘肃省自然科学基金(20JR5RA446);兰州理工大学红柳优秀青年人才支持计划
作者简介:李吉焱(1986—),女,博士,副教授,E-mail:lijiyan@lut.edu.cn。