Page 31 - 《精细化工》2023年第8期
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第 40 卷第 8 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.40, No.8
20 23 年 8 月 FINE CHEMICALS Aug. 2023
综论
酞菁类盘状液晶材料研究进展
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王桂霞,殷宇通,王佳伟,张林峰,周 超,孔翔飞
(桂林理工大学 化学与生物工程学院,广西 桂林 541004)
摘要:拥有大环 π 电子高度共轭结构的酞菁(Pc)核,具备自组装的潜在特征,且在可见光区域具有强吸收。
经修饰改性的酞菁衍生物被应用于液晶显示、太阳能电池、非线性光学等光电材料中。其中,液晶相行为影响
材料性能方面更引人关注。通过修饰酞菁核可以改变液晶相行为,最具有代表性的修饰是酞菁核中心空腔阳离
子配位和外围添加取代基团。经修饰改性的酞菁衍生物柱状自组装趋势明显,盘状中间相易形成,共轭层之间
电子的传输能力得到增强,具备了作为光电材料的基本性质。该文综述了近十几年来酞菁衍生物盘状液晶材料
的研究进展,总结了酞菁核的结构修饰对其液晶性能影响之间的构效关系,最后对酞菁衍生物盘状液晶在高性
能材料合成方面存在的缺陷和研究方向进行了展望。
关键词:酞菁核;酞菁衍生物;盘状液晶;修饰;构效关系
中图分类号:TB34;O753+.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5214 (2023) 08-1645-11
Research progress on phthalocyanine discoid liquid crystal materials
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WANG Guixia, YIN Yutong, WANG Jiawei, ZHANG Linfeng, ZHOU Chao, KONG Xiangfei
(College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China)
Abstract: Phthalocyanine (Pc) core with large ring π electron highly conjugated structure has the potential
of self-assembly and shows strong absorption in the visible light region. Modified phthalocyanine
derivatives have been used in liquid crystal display, solar cells, nonlinear optics and other optoelectronic
material, among which, the influence of liquid crystal phase behavior on the material properties drew more
attention. The behavior of the liquid crystal phase can be changed by modifying the phthalocyanine core.
The most representative modification is the central cavity cation coordination of the phthalocyanine core
and the addition of a peripheral substituent group. The modified phthalocyanine derivatives exhibit obvious
column self-assembly trend, easy formation of disk mesophase, and the electron transmission ability
enhancement between conjugated layers, which are the basic properties of photoelectric materials. Herein,
the research progress on phthalocyanine derivative discotic liquid crystal materials in the past decade was
reviewed. The structure-activity relationship between the structure modification of phthalocyanine core and
its liquid crystal properties was then summarized. Finally, the defects and research directions of phthalocyanine
derivative discoid liquid crystals in the synthesis of high-performance materials were prospected.
Key words: phthalocyanine nucleus; phthalocyanine derivatives; discoid liquid crystals; modification;
structure-activity relationship
酞菁核结构如下所示(R 代表 β 位上的氢原子 可以通过引入中心空腔阳离子配位和添加外围基团
被取代,如冠醚、硫醚、硫烷基团),分子中的 4 个 修饰改善酞菁衍生物溶解度、加工性,并促进其液
[3]
苯环具有刚性结构,不易变形,其电子云密度分布 晶相的形成 。酞菁核空腔的氮原子可与金属阳离
均匀,且 C—N 键的键长几乎相等,未取代的酞菁 子配位(如铜、锌、镍),形成平面配位酞菁核衍生
核溶解度不高,在溶液中容易聚集 [1-2] 。研究表明, 物。当中心空腔配位阳离子(硼)氧化价态大于+2
收稿日期:2022-10-31; 定用日期:2023-01-28; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20220989
基金项目:广西自然科学基金面上项目(2018GXNSFAA281115、2020GXNSFAA297046);国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(22168015)
作者简介:王桂霞(1976—),女,博士,教授。联系人:孔翔飞(1975—),男,博士,教授,E-mail:xiangfei.kong@glut.edu.cn。