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第 8 期 顾云智，等: 芳纶纳米纤维增强聚乙烯醇复合膜的制备与性能 ·1293·

由图 8 可知，复合膜空气侧较为光滑平整，玻 Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2015, 119(49): 27467-27477.
璃板侧形成一种较为特殊的多孔结构。通过空气侧 [6] Yang M, Cao K, Yeom B, et al. Aramid nanofiber-reinforced
transparent nanocomposites[J]. Journal of Composite Materials,
放大后的 SEM 图（图 8c）发现，复合膜表面在高 2015, 49(15): 1873-1879.
放大倍数下保持了平整光滑的形貌，没有出现明显 [7] Tung S O, Ho S, Yang M, et al. A dendrite-suppressing composite
ion conductor from aramid nanofibres[J]. Nature Communications,
的缺陷和团聚体，证明芳纶纳米纤维分散体在聚乙
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烯醇基体中分散良好。正是由于这种良好的分散作 [8] Semenzim V L, Basso G G, da Silva D A, et al. Synthesis and
用，使得芳纶纳米纤维可以大幅增强聚乙烯醇基体 characterization of novel, highly crystalline poly (vinyl alcohol)
的力学性能和热学性能。 microspheres for chemoembolization therapy[J]. Journal of Applied
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制备了芳纶纳米纤维增强聚乙烯醇的复合膜 1209-1223.
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基体间存在分子间氢键作用。 [12] Hassan A, Salema A A, Ani F N, et al. A review on oil palm empty
（2）通过 AFM、SEM 可以看出，成功制备出 fruit bunch fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials[J]. Polymer
直径为 20~30 nm 的芳纶纳米纤维。 Composites, 2010, 31(12): 2079-2101.
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（3）从 SEM、透光度测试结果可以看出，复合
properties of self-assembled nanostructured aramid and polystyrene
膜表面平整，纳米纤维在聚乙烯醇基体中分散良好。 blends[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2010, 114(41):
（4）力学和热学测试表明，存在一个最佳的填 13241-13248.
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充量，即芳纶纳米纤维质量分数为 6.0%时，薄膜的 with kevlar-coated carbon nanotubes[J]. The Journal of Physical
抗拉强度可以达到 17.86 MPa，与纯聚乙烯醇膜相比 Chemistry C, 2009, 113(47): 20184-20192.
提高了约 59.2%，而此处的热学性能也达到最佳， [15] Deng Q, Li J, Yang J, et al. Optical and flexible α-chitin nanofibers
reinforced poly (vinyl alcohol)(PVA) composite film: fabrication and
结晶温度为 174.51 ℃，玻璃化温度为 75.20 ℃，熔融温 property[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,
度为 208.82 ℃。 2014, 67: 55-60.
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综上所述，基于这种性能增强、存在较强界面
fibers(Ⅱ) [J]. Synthetic Technology and Application (合成技术与应
相互作用的复合膜的制备和表征，结合表面处理， 用), 2005, 20(3) : 20-25.
为进一步制备聚合物分离膜提供了一定的理论基础。 [17] Bergshoef M M, Vancso G J. Transparent nanocomposites with
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