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·50· 精细化工 FINE CHEMICALS 第 36 卷

由图 6 可见，ADQ-12 的生物降解速率极快， [8] Guo Rui (郭睿), Li Huanle (李欢乐), Yang Jiangyue (杨江月), et al.
Preparation and properties of series of m-3(OH)-m type surfactant[J].
在第 7 d 的生物降解度能够达到 99%，远高于 DQ-12 Fine Chemicals (精细化工), 2016, 33(5): 514-518.
[9] Tawfik S M. Synthesis, surface, biological activity and mixed
的 37%。这是因为易水解酰胺基团的存在赋予了 micellar phase properties of some biodegradable Gemini cationic
surfactants containing oxycarbonyl groups in the lipophilic part[J].
ADQ-12 优异的生物降解度。一般来说，表面活性 Journal of Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 2015, 28: 171-183.
[10] Qin Yong (秦勇), Zhang Gaoyong (张高勇), Kang Baoan (康保安).
剂的初级生物降解是微生物进攻疏水链的末端或分 The relationship between the structure of surfactant and
子内的活性位点，进而使表面活性剂碎片化，并最 biodegradability[J]. Detergent & Cosmetics (日用化学品科学),
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终降解为 CO 2 、CH 4 和 H 2 O 等。分子结构内引入其 [11] Chen Fengsheng (陈凤生), Liu Xuemin (刘学民), Hu Zengrong (胡
增荣), et al. Synthesis and properties of cationic Gemini surfactants
他活性位点（酯键或醚键）同样可提高表面活性剂 with amide group[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (日用
化学工业), 2008, 38(5): 285-288.
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的生物降解性 。 [12] National Committee on the Standardization of Surfactants and
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methods for industrial stearic acids: GB/T 9104—2008[S]. Beijing:
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[13] National Committee on the Standardization of Surfactants and
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（1）以月桂酸、N, N-二甲基-1, 3-丙二胺和 1, 3- Surface active agents-detergents-determination of cationic-active
matter content: GB/T 5174—2004[S]. Beijing: China Standard
二氯-2-丙醇为原料，成功合成双酰胺基 Gemini 阳 Publishing House (中国标准出版社), 2004: 1-3.
[14] National Committee on the Standardization of Surfactants and
1
离子表面活性剂（ADQ-12），并通过 FTIR 和 HNMR Detergents (全国表面活性剂和洗涤用品标准化技术委员会).
Detergents: Ring up liquid film method to measure surface tension:
对其进行了结构确证，表明目标产物 ADQ-12 被成 QB/T 1323—1991[S]. Beijing: China Standard Publishing House (中
国标准出版社), 1991: 334-344.
功合成。 [15] Jiang Y, Geng T, Li Q, et al. Equilibrium and dynamic surface tension
（2）ADQ-12 相比传统单链阳离子表面活性剂 properties of salt-free catonic surfactants with different hydrocarbon
chain lengths[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2015, 204: 126-131.
具有更低的 CMC 和较低的 γ CMC ；动态表面张力分 [16] National Committee on the Standardization of Surfactants and
Detergents (全国表面活性剂和洗涤用品标准化技术委员会).
析表明，ADQ-12 较大的空间位阻极大限制了其向 Determination of antistatic performance for fabric conditioners:
GB/T 16801—2013[S]. Beijing: China Standard Publishing House
气/液表面扩散的速率。 (中国标准出版社), 2013: 1-5.
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（3）ADQ-12 对织物抗静电性能与传统抗静电 Detergents (全国表面活性剂和洗涤用品标准化技术委员会).
Surface active agents—determination of stability in hard water:
剂酯基季铵盐和 D1821 处于同一水平，具有较为优 GB/T 7381—2010[S]. Beijing: China Standard Publishing House (中
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异的抗静电性能。 [18] National Committee on the Standardization of Surfactants and
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methods for evaluating daily chemical products in antibacterial and
ADQ-12 能够将煤油/水界面张力降低至超低界面水 bacteriostatic efficacy: QB/T2738—2012[S]. Beijing: China
Standard Publishing House (中国标准出版社), 2012: 1-22.
–3
平（4.110 mN/m）。ADQ-12 的 7 d 生物降解度能 [19] National Committee on the Standardization of Surfactants and
Detergents (全国表面活性剂和洗涤用品标准化技术委员会). Test
达到 99%。结合其优良的抗盐性和抑菌性能可知， method for biodegradability of surfactants: GB/T 15818—2006[S].
Beijing: China Standard Publishing House (中国标准出版社), 2006:
ADQ-12 在油田驱油、抑菌杀菌领域具有较大的应 8-9.
[20] Zhao Guoxi (赵国玺), Zhu Buyao (朱瑶). Principles of Surfactant
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用潜力。 Action[M]. Beijing: China Light industry Press House (中国轻工业
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Surfaces A, Physicochemical & Engineering Aspects, 2011, 384(1): with ester groups[J]. Colloids & Surfaces a Physicochemical &
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19(2): 223-236. chain length of counterions[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2017,
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[5] Ghumare A K, Pawar B V, Bhagwat S S. Synthesis and antibacterial [25] Bera A, Mandal A, Guha B B. Synergistic effect of surfactant and salt
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Gemini surfactant with 2-hydroxypropyl group as spacer[J]. China Properties of several dodecyl quaternary ammonium salts with noval
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