Page 143 - 精细化工2019年第10期

第 36 卷第 10 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.36, No.10
2019 年 10 月 FINE CHEMICALS Oct. 2019

淀粉化学品
碱溶解玉米淀粉制备高吸水性树脂

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陈利维 1,2 ，陈 慧 1,2* ，戴 睿 ，邵双喜 ，王亚娟
（1. 四川大学 轻纺与食品学院，四川 成都 610065；2. 四川大学 制革清洁技术国家工程实验室，四川
成都 610065；3. 宁波工程学院 奉化研究院，浙江 宁波 315000；4. 宁波工程学院 材料化学工程系，
浙江 宁波 315016）

摘要：以玉米淀粉、丙烯酸为原料，过硫酸铵（APS）为引发剂，N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（MBA）为交联剂，
将中和丙烯酸的 NaOH 提前加入体系溶解淀粉，一步法制备出淀粉基高吸水性树脂（SSAP 1 ）。通过单因素实验
探究了丙烯酸与玉米淀粉质量比、丙烯酸中和度、引发剂 APS 用量、交联剂 MBA 用量对产物吸水倍率的影响，
获得最优制备参数。通过 FTIR、XRD、SEM 分析了 SSAP 1 微观结构，对比了 SSAP 1 和高温糊化淀粉制备出淀
粉基高吸水性树脂（SSAP）的接枝率和应用性能。结果表明，碱溶解玉米淀粉成功接枝聚丙烯酸分子链并发生
交联反应形成高吸水性树脂，该方法能更有效地破坏淀粉分子内氢键并提高反应效率；SSAP 1 吸水速率与重复
吸水性能优于 SSAP；SSAP 1 在蒸馏水和盐水（0.1 mol/L NaCl 溶液）中的吸收倍率分别为 464 和 34 g/g，相比
SSAP 的吸水倍率（428 g/g）和吸盐水倍率（26 g/g）有明显提升。
关键词：玉米淀粉；碱溶解淀粉；丙烯酸；接枝共聚；高吸水性树脂；淀粉化学品
中图分类号：TQ324.8 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2019) 10-2109-07

Preparation of Superabsorbent Polymers by

Dissolving Corn Starch with Alkali

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CHEN Li-wei , CHEN Hui 1,2* , DAI Rui , SHAO Shuang-xi , WANG Ya-juan
（1. College of Institute of Light, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China;
2. National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu
610065, Sichuan, China; 3. Fenghua Institute, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315000, Zhejiang, China;
4. School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, Zhejiang, China）
Abstract: A starch-based superabsorbent polymer (SSAP 1) was synthesized by one-step method using corn
starch and acrylic acid as raw materials, ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator, and N, N'-methylene-
bis-acrylamide (MBA) as crosslinking agent, in which, sodium hydroxide was added into the system in
advance to dissolve corn starch. The factors affecting the water absorbency of the product such as mass
ratio of acrylic acid to corn starch, neutralization degree of acrylic acid, dosage of initiator and dosage of
crosslinking agent were investigated by single factor experiments. The microstructure of SSAP 1 was
analyzed by FTIR, XRD and SEM. Besides, the graft rate and application performance of SSAP which was
a starch-based superabsorbent polymer prepared by gelatinized starch at high temperature and SSAP 1 were
compared.The results showed that the corn starch dissolved by alkali were successfully grafted into
poly(acrylic acid) chains, and the crosslinking reaction took place to form a super absorbent resin. This
method can effectively destroy the internal hydrogen bond of starch molecule and improve the reaction
efficiency. SSAP 1 exhibited better water absorbency and repeated water absorption performance than SSAP.
The absorbency of SSAP 1 was 464 g/g for distilled water and 34 g/g for sodium chloride aqueous solution
(0.1 mol /L), higher than the corresponding values of SSAP(428 g/g and 26 g/g).
Key words: corn starch; starch dissolved by alkali; acrylic acid; graft copolymerization; superabsorbent polymer;
starch chemicals

收稿日期：2019-04-01; 定用日期：2019-05-05; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20190258
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（51703100）；宁波工程学院奉化研究院科学基金资助（FHI-01811）
作者简介：陈利维(1996—)，男，硕士生，E-mail：1067508849@qq.com。联系人：陈 慧（1978—），女，副教授，E-mail：chenh@scu.edu.cn。