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第 36 卷第 2 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.36, No.2
201 9 年 2 月 FINE CHEMICALS Feb. 2019
橡塑助剂
磷氮阻燃剂的合成及其在环氧树脂中的应用
*
闫亚男,梁 兵
(沈阳化工大学 材料科学与工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110142)
摘要:由亚磷酸、乙腈和苯膦酰二氯(PPDC)合成了一种添加型阻燃剂——苯膦酰二氨基双乙基四膦酸(PAEPA)。
通过 FTIR 和 ESI-MS 对 PAEPA 的结构进行了表征。并将 PAEPA 混入环氧树脂(EP)中制备了阻燃环氧树脂,
通过 TGA、UL-94 测试和 LOI 测试考察了用三乙烯四胺(TETA)固化的环氧树脂的阻燃性和热性能。结果表
明,当 w(P)=2.6%时,环氧热固性材料表现出优异的阻燃性能,并通过了 UL94 实验的 V-0 等级,LOI 为 29.8%。
热重分析结果表明:800 ℃的残炭量为 17.7%。SEM 结果表明:EP/TETA 体系中的 PAEPA 明显促进环氧树脂
形成更致密、丰富的密封炭层,以提高燃烧过程中基体的阻燃性能。
关键词:环氧树脂;阻燃;PAEPA;力学性能;橡塑助剂
中图分类号:TB324;O627.51 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5214 (2019) 02-0316-06
Synthesis of Phosphorus-nitrogen Flame Retardant and
Its Application in Epoxy Resin
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YAN Ya-nan, LIANG Bing
(School of Material Science and Technology, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142,
Liaoning, China)
Abstract: A novel flame retardant additive, phenylphosphonium diaminobisethyltetraphosphonic acid
(PAEPA), was synthesized from phosphoric acid, acetonitrile and phenylphosphonic dichloride (PPDC).
The structure of PAEPA was characterized by FTIR and ESI-MS. PAEPA was blended into epoxy resin to
prepare flame-retardant epoxy resins. The flame-retardant and thermal properties of epoxy resins cured with
triethylene tetramine (TETA) were investigated by TGA, vertical burning test (UL-94), and limiting oxygen
index (LOI). The results revealed that the epoxy thermosets containing 2.6% phosphorus exhibited excellent
flame retardancy and passed the UL 94 V-0 rating, its LOI value was 29.8%. The residual char yield at
800 ℃ was 17.7%. The morphology characterization of char residue by SEM showed that a denser, richer
sealing residue char could be formed by the presence of PAEPA in EP/TETA system, which improved the
flame-retardant properties of the matrix during combustion.
Key words: epoxy resin; flame retardant; PAEPA; mechanical properties; rubber and plastics auxiliaries
Foundation item: International Scientific and Technological Cooperation and Exchange Projects of China
(2013DFA51200)
环氧树脂(EP)作为一种重要的热固性聚合物 泛的做法是在环氧树脂中混入固化剂之后再加入阻
材料,具有优异的机械性能、电绝缘性能、热导率 燃剂 [6-9] 。含磷、氮的阻燃剂具有阻燃效率高、在燃
和耐化学腐蚀性能 [1-2] 。但环氧树脂材料易燃,其极 烧过程中无有毒有害物质产生、添加量小等优点,
限氧指数仅为 19.8%,存在巨大的火灾隐患,对环 成为了阻燃环氧树脂的研究热点 [10-13] 。
氧树脂进行阻燃意义非凡 [3-5] 。目前采用的传统且广 沈聃 [14] 等合成了二苯氧基磷酸三聚氰胺盐
收稿日期:2018-09-11; 定用日期:2018-10-18; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20180673
基金项目:国家国际科技合作与交流专项资助项目(2013DFA51200)
作者简介:闫亚男(1993—),女,硕士生。联系人:梁 兵(1968—),男,教授,电话:024-89387760,E-mail:lb1007@163.com。