Page 76 - 精细化工2019年第8期
P. 76
·1564· 精细化工 FINE CHEMICALS 第 36 卷
表 2 表面活性剂在固液界面上的润湿(20 ℃)和去污 并与两种传统表面活性剂 SDS 和 SLE 3 S 对比,结果
(30 ℃)性质 证实,PPO 链为 SLP p S 分子提供疏水性的同时也提
Table 2 Wettability (20 ℃) and detergency (30 ℃) of the 供了弱极性,这种对分子双亲性的贡献异于 PEO 链,
surfactants at the solid/water interface
是导致 e-表面活性剂产生一系列优于 SLE 3 S 性质的
surfactants W/s D
结构因素。同时,本文还揭示了 PPO 链增长总体增
SLP 3S 83 1.12
SLP 6S 73 1.16 强 e-表面活性剂性能的结构与性能间的关系。
SLP 9S 54 1.20 (3)天然醇衍生的 SLP p S 同系物具有优良的乳
SDS 42 1.00 化、润湿、去污以及良好的钙离子抗性,因而具有
SLE 3S 98 1.02 应用于个人护理及家用清洁产品的潜力;其适中的
2.5 SLP p S 的胶束溶液性质 起泡性和较低的稳泡性尤其适用于中低泡洗涤剂。
表面活性剂胶束是决定其溶液胶体性质的重要
参考文献:
因素,表 1 不仅对 CMC 进行了比较,表明 SLP p S
[1] Farajzadeh M A, Nassiry P, Mogaddam M R A. Development of a
比 SDS 和 SLE 3 S 更容易形成胶束,而且最后一列提 new dynamic headspace liquid-phase microextraction method[J].
Chromatographia, 2016, 79(11/12): 773-779.
供的 CMT 表明 SLP p S 同系物与 SLE 3 S 相似,均具 [2] Miñana-Perez M, Graciaa A, Lachaise J, et al. Solubilization of polar
有低于 0 ℃的临界胶束温度,这进一步证实 PPO 链 oils with extended surfactants[J]. Colloids and Surfaces, A:
Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 1995, 100: 217-224.
在增加分子疏水性的同时也为 SLP p S 分子提供了极 [3] Lv M, Zhou Y, Wang S, et al. Effects of the polypropylene oxide
number on the surface properties of a type of extended surfactant[J].
性,从而改善了 SDS 分子低温水溶性差的不足。钙 Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2018, 21(3): 335-341.
离子抗性 CT 是考察表面活性剂胶束稳定性的另一 [4] Liu X C, Zhao Y X, Li Q X, et al. Surface tension, interfacial tension
and emulsification of sodium dodecyl sulfate extended surfactant[J].
个重要指标,各表面活性剂的 CT 值如图 6 所示。 Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,
2016, 494: 201-208.
[5] Tagavifar M, Jang S H, Chang L, et al. Controlling the composition,
phase volume, and viscosity of microemulsions with cosolvent[J].
Fuel, 2018, 211: 214-222.
[6] Zamora J M, Marquez R, Forgiarini A M, et al. Interfacial rheology
of low interfacial tension systems using a new oscillating spinning drop
method[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2018, 519: 27-37.
[7] Guo L, Liu Y, Hu S S, et al. Dynamic interfacial tensions of alkyl
alcohol polyoxypropylene-oxyethylene ether sulfonate solutions[J].
Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2016, 141: 9-15.
[8] Chen J, Hu X Y, Fang Y, et al. Comparative study of conventional/
ethoxylated/extended n-alkylsulfate surfactants[J]. Langmuir, 2019,
35(8): 3116-3125.
[9] Choi F, Acosta E J. Oil-induced formation of branched wormlike
micelles in an alcohol propoxysulfate extended surfactant system[J].
Soft Matter, 2018, 14(41): 8378-8389.
图 6 45 ℃下表面活性剂胶束的钙离子抗性 [10] Marquez R, Forgiarini A M, Fernandez J, et al. New interfacial
Fig. 6 Calcium tolerance of aqueous solutions of surfactant rheology characteristics measured using a spinning-drop rheometer at
micelle at 45 ℃ the optimum formulation of a simple surfactant-oil-water system[J].
Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2018, 21(5): 611-623.
由图 6 可知,SLP p S 同系物的 CT 值介于 SDS [11] Budhathoki M, Hsu T P, Lohateeraparp P, et al. Design of an optimal
middle phase microemulsion for ultra high saline brine using hydrophilic
和 SLE 3 S 之间且远好于 SDS,且约为 SDS 的 30 倍。 lipophilic deviation (HLD) method[J]. Colloids and Surfaces, A:
Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2016, 488: 36-45.
这一实验结果也支持 PPO 链为 SLP p S 分子提供极性 [12] Chanwattanakit J, Chavadej S. Laundry detergency of solid
的结论,证明 PPO 链提供了与 SLE 3 S 中 PEO 链类 non-particulate soil using microemulsion-based formulation[J].
Journal of Oleo Science, 2018, 67(2): 187-198.
似但较弱的极性。SLP p S 同系物的 CT 值随 PPO 链 [13] Chanwattanakit J, Scamehorn J F, Sabatini D A, et al. Laundry
detergency of solid non-particulate soil or waxy solids: Part I.
增长而降低,可能由于极性贡献和疏水性贡献竞争 Relation to oily soil removal above the melting point[J]. Journal of
所致,短 PPO 链时以极性贡献为主而长 PPO 链时以 Surfactants and Detergents, 2017, 20(4): 815-830.
[14] Liu Huanhuan (刘环环), Chen Ji (陈骥), Fang Yun (方云), et al.
疏水贡献为主。但总体而言,SLP p S 同系物的钙离 Performances of homologous extended surfactants: Sodium isooctyl
polyoxypropylene sulphates[J]. Petrochemical Technology (石油化
子抗性均已满足日用化学品配方的使用要求。 工), 2016, 45(8): 946-950.
[15] Velásquez J, Scorzza C, Vejar F, et al. Effect of temperature and other
3 结论 variables on the optimum formulation of anionic extended surfactant-
alkane-brine systems[J]. Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2010,
13(1): 69-73.
(1)以月桂醇和 PO 为原料合成了 LP p O(p = 3、 [16] He Z Q, Zhang M J, Fang Y, et al. Extended surfactants: A well-
designed spacer to improve interfacial performance through a gradual
6、9),并对其进行硫酸酯化和中和制得 3 种同系 polarity transition[J]. Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and
Engineering Aspects, 2014, 450: 83-92.
e-表面活性剂 SLP p S;采用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱 [17] Attaphong C, Sabatini D A. Optimized microemulsion systems for
对 SLP p S 分子进行了结构表征。 detergency of vegetable oils at low surfactant concentration and bath
temperature[J]. Journal of Surfactants and Detergents, 2017, 20(4):
(2)考察了 SLP p S 同系物的界面和溶液性质, 805-813.