Page 15 - 《精细化工》2020年 第10期
P. 15
第 37 卷第 10 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.37, No.10
2020 年 10 月 FINE CHEMICALS Oct. 2020
综论
碱性电解水析氢中的异质结构催化剂
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刘 璞,程家麒,顾佳俊
(上海交通大学 材料科学与工程学院,上海交通大学金属基复合材料国家重点实验室,上海 200240)
摘要:碱性条件下单相金属催化剂的电催化产氢动力学过程普遍缓慢,远不及其在酸性条件下的析氢性能,且
存在易腐蚀等问题。近期,很多异质结构催化剂在碱性条件下表现出优异的析氢性能或长时间耐用性。其中,
一些非贵金属催化剂达到了与贵金属基催化剂类似的高催化活性,为碱性条件下产氢催化剂的设计与开发提供
了新思路。首先,介绍了异质结构催化剂较单一材料在产氢催化中的优势,并补充说明了碱性产氢理论的相关
背景。然后,追溯异质结构在碱性产氢催化剂中的研究路径,主要介绍了异质结构催化剂中极其重要且报道众
多的过渡金属氢氧化物基、氧化物基以及硫化物基的异质结构催化剂,通过实例展示异质结构催化剂的制备方
法、表征策略以及相应的设计思路。最后,分析了异质结构催化剂在固有活性比较中的困难并对异质结构催化
机理的未来研究进行了展望。
关键词:异质结构;电催化;析氢;协同效应
中图分类号:TQ151.1;O643.36 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5214 (2020) 10-1945-13
Heterostructure catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen
evolution in alkaline electrolytes
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LIU Pu, CHENG Jiaqi, GU Jiajun
(State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong
University, Shanghai 200240, China)
Abstract: The kinetic process of single-phase metal catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution in
alkaline conditions is generally slower than that in acidic conditions, and with problems such as corrosion.
Recently, many heterostructure catalysts have demonstrated extraordinary electrocatalytic performance or
long-term durability in alkaline conditions toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), particularly a
number of precious-metal free heterostructures deliver comparable activity with precious-metal-based
catalysts, providing new ideas for the design and exploration of HER catalysts under alkaline conditions.
First, the advantages of heterostructure catalysts compared with single materials in hydrogen production
catalysis are introduced, and the background of basic hydrogen production theory is added. Then, the
research path of heterostructures in alkaline hydrogen production catalysts is traced, mainly introducing
transition metal hydroxide-based, oxide-based and sulfide-based heterostructure catalysts. The preparation
methods, characterization strategies and corresponding design ideas of heterostructure catalysts are
demonstrated by examples. Finally, the difficulties of heterostructure catalysts in the comparison of intrinsic
activity are analyzed and the future research of heterostructure catalyst mechanism is prospected.
Key words: heterostructure; electrocatalysis; hydrogen evolution; synergistic effect
在能源危机与环境挑战日益严峻的当下,发展 能量密度(142 MJ/kg)高于其他传统化学燃料,且
可持续再生能源以及开发高效的能源储存与转换技 其氧化产物为水,作为一种不含碳的绿色能源理论
术显得愈发重要。氢气被认为是人类未来的燃料,其 上可实现碳零排放 [1-3] 。氢燃料的生产工艺已被广泛
收稿日期:2020-04-21; 定用日期:2020-05-16; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20200340
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(51672175);国家重点研发计划(2017YFB0406100)
作者简介:刘 璞(1995—),男,硕士生,E-mail:1901807460@qq.com。联系人:顾佳俊(1975—),男,教授,E-mail: gujiajun@jtu.edu.cn。