Page 75 - 《精细化工》2020年第11期

第 11 期 孙思薇，等: 笼型倍半硅氧烷的功能化改性及应用研究进展
3.6 其他材料
CHATTERJEE 等 [54] 通过八异丁基 POSS 和三硅
烷醇异丁基 POSS 与聚合物共混制备了形状记忆纳
米复合材料，由于封闭笼状结构的存在使得包含
POSS 的纳米复合材料具有较高的形状恢复率和较
低的形状恢复诱导时间。XU 等 [55] 通过芳基-三氟乙
烯基醚官能化的 POSS 封端聚(环氧乙烷)链，构造
“单头单尾”和“波浪形”巨型表面活性剂，巨大
的表面活性剂通过 Langmuir-Blodgett 膜沉积过程以
不同的表面压力转移到硅基底后显示出分形生长行
为，该结果对于理解界面活性剂的组装以及纳米结
构功能材料的开发非常有用。SHI 等
在微观结构中的独特性及其不同有机取代基在增强
水凝胶性能方面的作用而将其应用在控制药物输
送、3D 细胞培养、组织工程和伤口愈合等领域。
4 结论与展望
POSS 分子的官能团改性主要基于常见 POSS 的
端基进行功能化改性，增加反应基团种类，提高
POSS 的反应活性。以 POSS 为单体的聚合改性，可
将 POSS 分子与聚合物以化学形式键合在一起，提
高了杂化材料不同相之间的相容性。与金属原子的
配位结合则增加了 POSS 材料特异性选择以及电学
等性能，进一步扩展了 POSS 的应用领域。虽然功
能化改性的 POSS 在耐热、阻燃、增强和多孔材料
等方面均有优异的表现，但仍存在许多问题需要进
一步的研究。如：多功能 POSS 材料的开发；POSS
材料的产业化推广；POSS 材料的安全性等。针对以
上问题，今后可从以下几个方面进行更加系统深入
的研究工作：
（1）构效关系的研究。虽相关研究文献中均有
涉及 POSS 分子结构对其性能的影响，但未形成系
统的理论研究成果，之后可针对 POSS 结构与应用
性能之间的构效关系进行更加深入和系统研究，建
立起相关的研究模型，为开发多领域应用的 POSS
功能材料提供理论指导。
（2）改性方法的研究。可采用点击化学等更高
效的反应方式改性。针对目前研究较成熟的端烯基
POSS，可通过控制反应条件，进一步提高功能化
POSS 的制备效率，降低成本，促进 POSS 材料的产
业化推广。
（3）安全性的研究。虽然 POSS 可以应用在多
个领域，但仅在骨组织修复材料中有关于 POSS 复
合材料对细胞生长以及其自身降解性的研究，针对
其他 POSS 材料的生物安全性却鲜见报道，今后可
对 POSS 材料在食品、医用、个护等领域应用安全
性进行评价。
·2221·
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