Page 185 - 《精细化工》2020年第3期

第 3 期 王 娜，等: 卡拉胶-纳米氢氧化铝协同阻燃天然橡胶 ·603·

和缺陷。从图 4 可知，随着 KC 的加入，可明显看 参考文献：
出白色颗粒。这是 BaCl 2 分级的 KC 燃烧产生的硫 [1] MOHAMED A, ARDYANI T, BAKAR S A, et al. Rational design of
aromatic surfactants for graphene/natural rubber latex nanocomposites
酸钡沉淀所致，硫酸酯基可以与钡离子共同促进天 with enhanced electrical conductivity[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface
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然橡胶交联成炭，有利于复合材料产生大量稳定的 [2] NA W, ZHANG Miao, KANG Ping, et al. Synergistic effect of
残炭结构起到阻燃作用。NR5 的炭层结构最为连续， graphene oxide and mesoporous structure on flame retardancy of
nature rubber/IFR composites[J]. Materials, 2018, 11(6): 1005-1028.
无较大孔洞出现，可以有效阻止可燃性气体溢出， [3] MARCIN M, MIEDZIANOWSKA J, STRZELEC K. Influence of
wheat, rye and triticale straw on the properties of natural rubber
中断热交换过程，达到阻燃效果。 composites[J]. Advances in Polymer Technology, 2018, 37(8): 1-13.
[4] WANG Na (王娜), WANG Sheng (王升), ZHANG Jing (张静), et al.
2.5 KC-Al(OH) 3 /NR 力学性能分析 Modified microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant
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表5为KC-Al(OH) 3 /NR复合材料的力学测试结果。 [5] WANG Na (王娜), WANG Shuwei (王树伟), TENG Haiwei (滕海伟),
et al. Preparation of a chitosan-based flame retardant and its
表 5 KC-Al(OH) 3 /NR 复合材料力学测试数据 application in fireproofing coating[J]. Fine Chemicals (精细化工),
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Table 5 Mechanical properties of KC-Al(OH) 3 /NR composites [6] INTHARAPAT P, NAKASON C, KONGNOO A. Preparation of
boric acid supported natural rubber as a reactive flame retardant and
样品 Tensile strength/MPa Elongation at break/% its properties[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2016, 128: 217-227.
[7] WANG Na (王娜), ZHOU Meihui (周美慧), LI Long (李龙), et al.
NR0 18.27±0.32 416.92±5.48 Preparation of pentaerythritol phosphate-expandable graphite/waterborne
epoxy composite coatings and their flame retardant and anticorrosive
NR1 13.77±0.17 305.35±6.27
properties[J]. Fine Chemicals (精细化工), 2019, 36(6): 1069-1075.
NR2 17.03±0.28 382.14±3.69 [8] QI F, TANG M, WANG N, et al. Efficient organic-inorganic intumescent
interfacial flame retardants to prepare flame retarded polypropylene
NR3 14.29±0.25 312.36±3.98 with excellent performance[J]. RSC Advance, 2017, 7(50): 31696-31706.
[9] QIU S, MA C, WANG X, et al. Melamine-containing polyphosphazene
NR4 14.55±0.29 329.35±4.24 wrapped ammonium polyphosphate: A novel multifunctional organic-
NR5 15.23±0.31 356.75±3.46 inorganic hybrid flame retardant[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,
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NR6 15.67±0.24 372.77±4.56 [10] WANG N, HU L, BABU H V, et al. Effect of tea saponin-based
intumescent flame retardant on thermal stability, mechanical property
and flame retardancy of natural rubber composites[J]. Journal of
由表 5 可知，添加 Al(OH) 3 对 NR 的力学性能 Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2017, 128(2): 1133-1142.
[11] ZHANG G, WANG J. Preparation of novel flame-retardant
影响较大。相比于 NR0，复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂 organoclay and its application to natural rubber composites[J].
伸长率均有不同程度的下降。这是由于阻燃剂的加入削 Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2018, 115: 137-147.
[12] INTHARAPAT P, NAKASON C, KONGNOO A. Preparation of
弱了橡胶之间的作用力。随着 KC 的加入，橡胶的力学 boric acid supported natural rubber as a reactive flame retardant and
its properties[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2016, 128:
性能得到了改善。相比于 NR1，NR5 的拉伸强度和断 217-227.
[13] QIN Z, LI D, LI Q, et al. Effect of nano-aluminum hydroxide on
裂伸长率增加了 11%和 17%。这是因为卡拉胶结构中 mechanical properties, flame retardancy and combustion behavior of
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存在很多的甲氧基、羟基，可以像炭黑一样作为橡胶 2016, 89: 988-995.
补强剂，从而改善复合材料的力学性能 [23-24] 。 [14] ELBASUNEY S. Novel multi-component flame retardant system
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（1） KC 的加入能够有效协同纳米 Al(OH) 3 阻 plastics-A critical review[J]. Bioresource technology, 2019, 8524(19):
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燃天然橡胶，且当 KC 与 Al(OH) 3 质量比为 1∶1 时 [17] ZHANG Q, ZHANG W, GENG C, et al. Study on the preparation
（NR5），复合材料的阻燃性能最佳。其极限氧指数 and flame retardant properties of an eco-friendly potassium-calcium
carrageenan fiber[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2019, 206: 420-427.
（LOI）达到 25%，垂直燃烧（UL-94）等级为 V-0 [18] ZHANG Weiwei (张伟伟), XUE Zhixin (薛志欣), LIU Jingjing (刘晶
晶), et al. Flame-retardant property of carrageenan fiber[J]. Chemical
级。pHRR、THR、TSP 和 AMLR 最低，相比于 NR0， Journal of Chinese Universities (高等学校化学学报), 2017, 39(2):
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分别降低了 65%、12%、23%和 62%。 [19] WANG Na (王娜), YANG Fei (杨菲), ZHANG Jing (张静), et al.
Inflame-retardant water-borne epoxy resin of APP microsphere with
（2）NR5 体系的热稳 定性能最好 。 T 50% 为 carrageenan cladding[J]. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities
475.99 ℃，600 ℃时的残炭量最高为 22.88%。 (高等学校化学学报), 2019, 40(2): 193-200.
[20] WANG N, TENG H, LI L, et al. Synthesis of phosphated
（3）与 NR0 相比，添加 KC 和纳米 Al(OH) 3 的 K-carrageenan and its application for flame-retardant waterborne
epoxy[J]. Polymers, 2018, 10(11): 1268-1280.
KC-Al(OH) 3 /NR 复合材料的力学性能均有所下降。 [21] Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China (中
国国家标准化管理委员会). Rubber: Determination of the burning
相比于单独添加 Al(OH) 3 体系（NR1），NR5 的拉伸 (橡胶燃烧性能的测定): GB/T 10707—2008[S]. Beijing: China
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强度和断裂伸长率分别上升了 11%和 17%。 [22] American Society for Testing and Materials International. Standard
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良好的阻燃性能。因此，本课题组将进一步通过分子 [23] NORHAZARIAH S, AZURA A R, SIVAKUMAR R, et al. Effect of
different preparation methods on crosslink density and mechanical
设计将两者进行有机-无机化学键合，形成一体化协效 properties of carrageenan filled natural rubber (NR) latex films[J].
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