Page 113 - 《精细化工》2021年第11期

第 38 卷第 11 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.38, No.11
2021 年 11 月 FINE CHEMICALS Nov. 2021

功能材料
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PIPD/Cu 纳米纤维气凝胶的制备及性能

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陈 康，曾奥研，王嘉睿，高 媛，罗元章，李欣欣
（华东理工大学 材料科学与工程学院，特种功能高分子材料及相关技术教育部重点实验室，上海 200237）

摘要：以聚（2,5-二羟基-1,4-苯撑吡啶并二咪唑）（PIPD）为基体、三氟乙酸（TFA）和甲烷磺酸（MSA）为混
酸，通过混酸剥离-去质子化诱导凝胶-冷冻干燥-惰性气氛高温处理制备出 PIPD 纳米纤维气凝胶。对 PIPD 纳米
纤维气凝胶的形貌和结构进行表征，结果表明，混酸法制备 PIPD 纳米纤维气凝胶过程中，强质子酸破环了 PIPD
纤维的晶区和取向，PIPD 主体的化学结构未发生明显变化。制得的 PIPD 纳米纤维气凝胶具有蜂窝孔结构、低
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密度（6.90~15.2 mg/cm ）和高孔隙率（99.1%~99.6%）。当 PIPD 含量（以 MSA 和 TFA 总质量为基准，下同）
不高于 1%时，PIPD 纳米纤维气凝胶无明显收缩。惰性氛围高温处理使 PIPD 纳米纤维气凝胶具有弹性。水平垂
直燃烧、极限氧指数（LOI）、导热系数测试表明，PIPD 含量为 0.5%的纳米纤维气凝胶达到不可燃水平（UL-94，
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V-0 级），LOI 高达 49.2%，100 ℃下低热传导性〔导热系数为 0.052 W/(m·K)〕。此外，引入 Cu 配位交联网络
提高 PIPD 纳米纤维气凝胶的压缩应力，增强后气凝胶的压缩应力是初始 PIPD 纳米纤维气凝胶的约 16 倍。
关键词：聚（2,5-二羟基-1,4-苯撑吡啶并二咪唑）；气凝胶；纳米纤维；不可燃水平；配位交联网络；功能材料
中图分类号：TQ317 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2021) 11-2259-09

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Preparation and properties of PIPD/Cu nanofiber aerogels

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CHEN Kang, ZENG Aoyan, WANG Jiarui, GAO Yuan, LUO Yuanzhang, LI Xinxin
（Key Laboratory of Special Functional Polymer Materials and Related Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of
Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China）

Abstract: Using poly(2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-phenylenepyridodiimidazole) (PIPD) as a matrix, PIPD nanofiber
aerogels were prepared by peeling off the PIPD by the mixed acid, proton-consumption-induced gelation of
PIPD nanofiber sol and freeze-drying, followed by high temperature treatment in an inert atmosphere. The
morphology and structure of PIPD nanofiber aerogels were characterized. The results show that in the
process of preparing PIPD nanofiber aerogels, the strong protic acid disrupts the crystal regions and
orientation of the PIPD fibers, and the chemical structure of the PIPD does not change significantly. PIPD
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nanofiber aerogels have a honeycomb structure, low density (6.90~15.2 mg/cm ), high porosity
(99.1%~99.6%). When the PIPD fiber content (based on the total mass of MSA and TFA, the same
below) is not higher than 1%, the PIPD nanofiber aerogels do not shrink significantly. High temperature
treatment in an inert atmosphere makes PIPD nanofiber aerogels elastic. Horizontal and vertical
combustion, the limiting oxygen index (LOI), and thermal conductivity tests show that PIPD nanofiber
aerogels reach the non-flammable level (UL-94, V-0), LOI is as high as 49.2%, and the thermal
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conductivity is 0.052 W/(m·K) at 100 ℃. In addition, the introduction of Cu coordination cross-
linking network enhances the compressive stress of PIPD nanofiber aerogels, and the compressive
stress of the enhanced aerogels are about 16 times that of the original PIPD nanofiber aerogels.
Key words: PIPD; aerogels; nanofiber; non-flammable level; coordination cross-linked network; functional
materials

收稿日期：2021-05-18; 定用日期：2021-07-06; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20210507
基金项目：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助（JKD01211701）
作者简介：陈 康（1996—），男，硕士生。联系人：李欣欣（1972—），男，教授，博士生导师，E-mail：xinxinli@ecust.edu.cn。