Page 43 - 《精细化工》2021年第11期
P. 43
第 38 卷第 11 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.38, No.11
2021 年 11 月 FINE CHEMICALS Nov. 2021
综论
由特殊形貌基材构建的耐磨双疏表面研究进展
江 琦,陈梦龙
(华南理工大学 化学与化工学院,广东 广州 510641)
摘要:双疏表面因在自清洁、防污、防腐蚀等方面的应用价值而受到广泛关注。然而,双疏表面在使用过程中
因机械摩擦等作用,易造成微-纳结构及双疏官能团的破坏而影响双疏性能。因此,如何提高机械稳定性能已成
为双疏表面在实际应用中的关键问题。首先,介绍了基材微结构对双疏表面的影响;接着,从化学刻蚀、电化
学刻蚀、激光加工、电化学沉积、压印或模板等制备方法综述了微结构基材-机械稳定双疏表面的构建;指出特
殊形貌基材通过尺度较大的规整凹凸结构为附着的尺度较小的纳米粗糙表面和疏液基团提供了保护,进而实现
机械稳定性;最后,总结了该领域研究存在的问题,展望了未来的发展方向。
关键词:特殊形貌;双疏表面;机械稳定性;制备方法;功能材料
中图分类号:TB34 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1003-5214 (2021) 11-2189-10
Research progress of wear-resistant amphiphobic surface constructed
from substrate with special morphology
JIANG Qi, CHEN Menglong
(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641,
Guangdong, China)
Abstract: Amphiphobic surface has attracted wide attention due to its application in self-cleaning,
antifouling and anticorrosion. However, the micro-nanostructure and amphiphobic functional groups of the
surface will be destroyed because of mechanical friction and other effects, which will affect the
amphiphobicity of the surface. Therefore, how to improve the mechanical stability has become a key
problem in the practical application of amphiphobic surface. Firstly, the effect of the substrate
microstructure on the amphiphobic surface is introduced. Then, the construction of the microstructural
substrate-mechanically stabilized amphiphobic surface is reviewed from the preparation methods including
chemical etching, electrochemical etching, laser processing, electrochemical deposition, imprint or template.
It is pointed out that the substrate with special morphology provides protection for the nano-sized rough
surface and hydrophobic group attached by the large scale regular concave-convex structure, and thus
achieves mechanical stability. Finally, the existing problems in this field are summarized, and the future
development direction is prospected.
Key words: special morphology; amphiphobic surface; mechanical stability; preparation method;
functional materials
润湿性是液体在固体表面铺展的能力,接触角 固体表面凝聚成小球。通常把 θ>150°、滚动角<10°
[1]
(θ)为其定量的衡量标准 。θ=0°,液体完全润湿 的固体表面称为超疏液表面 [2-4] 。大自然赋予了许多
[6]
[7]
[5]
固体表面,液体在固体表面铺展;0°< θ <90°,液体 生物特殊的润湿性,如荷叶 、水黾 、蝴蝶 等生
可润湿固体,θ 越小,润湿性越好;90°< θ <180°, 物的超疏水表面。人们受到这些生物表面的启发,
液体不能润湿固体;θ =180°,完全不润湿,液体在 制备出多种疏液表面。但在实际应用过程中,由于
收稿日期:2021-05-05; 定用日期:2021-07-01; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20210454
基金项目:教育部广东省产学研结合项目(20090916)
作者简介:江 琦(1964—),男,副教授,E-mail:ceqjiang@scut.edu.cn。