Page 146 - 《精细化工》2021年第12期

第 38 卷第 12 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.38, No.12
2021 年 12 月 FINE CHEMICALS Dec. 2021

表面活性剂
槐糖脂对含油盐碱土壤的处理及其植物生长评价

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陈宏建 ，刘会娥 ，于云飞 ，黄光辉 ，蒋振华 ，常广乾
〔1. 中国石油大学(华东) 化学工程学院，山东 青岛 266580；2. 山东齐鲁生物科技集团有限公司，山东
聊城 252100〕
摘要：以酸型槐糖脂为表面活性剂配制了一种微乳液用于对含油盐碱性土壤的无害化与资源化处理。固定柴油
添加量，通过单因素实验筛选微乳液配方，并优化其清洗工艺参数。结果表明，最佳微乳液〔酸型槐糖脂含量
6%（以水的质量为基准，下同）、氯化钠含量 1%、柴油含量 13.36%〕在液固比（质量比）2∶1、35 ℃、搅拌
速率 600 r/min、清洗时间 20 min 的条件下对原油脱除效果最高，脱除率可达 95.95%。规模放大实验及重复使
用实验表明，将含油土壤处理量放大至 300 倍，该乳液在上述条件下仍能保持原油脱除率在 94%以上；微乳相
在补加柴油的情况下，使用 5 次后仍能保持原油脱除率在 87%以上。对土壤样品进行了对比分析发现，修复后
土壤的 pH 由 8.56 下降到 7.68，全盐含量由 1.48%下降到 0.29%，土壤由重度盐碱地降低为轻度盐碱地。种子萌
发实验证明，修复后土壤毒性降低，适合部分植物生长。
关键词：含油土壤；表面活性剂；微乳液；修复；生物评价
中图分类号：X53；TQ423 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2021) 12-2508-07

Treatment of sophorolipid to oil-bearing saline-alkali soil and
evaluation of plant growth

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CHEN Hongjian , LIU Hui'e , YU Yunfei , HUANG Guanghui ,
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JIANG Zhenhua , CHANG Guangqian
（1. College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China; 2. Shangdong
Qilu Biotechnology Group, Liaocheng 252100, Shandong, China）
Abstract: A kind of microemulsion was prepared using acid-type sophorolipid as surfactant and then used
to innocuous and resource treatment of oil-bearing saline-alkali soil. The formulation of microemulsion was
screened by single factor experiments and the cleaning parameters were optimized. The results showed that
the optimal microemulsion [acid-type sophorolipid content of 6% (based on the mass of water, the same
below), NaCl content of 1% and diesel content of 13.36%] had the best removal effect of crude oil under
the optimized cleaning conditions of liquid solid ratio (mass ratio) of 2∶1, temperature of 35 ℃, stirring rate
of 600 r/min and cleaning time of 20 min. The removal rate of crude oil reached 95.95%. The scale and
reuse experiments indicated that the microemulsion could still maintain the crude oil removal rate of more
than 94% when the oil-containing soil was enlarged to 300-fold. The removal rate of crude oil could remain
above 87% after the microemulsion being used for 5 times by adding diesel oil in each time. Comparative
analysis of soil samples showed that after restoration, the pH of soil decreased from 8.56 to 7.68, the total
salt content decreased from 1.48% to 0.29%, and the soil was reduced from severely saline to mildly saline.
The experiment of seed germination revealed that the soil toxicity was reduced and suitable for the growth
of some plants.
Key words: oil-containing soil; surfactants; microemulsion; remediation; biological assessment

收稿日期：2021-06-21; 定用日期：2021-08-26; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20210638
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（22078366）；中国石油科技创新基金（2017D-5007-0601）
作者简介：陈宏建（1996—），男，硕士生，E-mail：1765359616@qq.com。联系人：刘会娥（1972—），女，教授，E-mail：liuhuie@
upc.edu.cn。