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·120·                             精细化工   FINE CHEMICALS                                 第 39 卷

            统双子季铵盐。结果表明,引入有机反离子使双子                             参考文献
            季铵盐具有了良好的乳化能力。                                     [1]   DHANUSKODI S, JEYAKUMARI A P, MANIVANNAN S, et al.
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            用就是作为抑菌剂。表 6 给出了 GC-Cl 和 GC-S 对                        tension of quaternary ammonium salts with different hydrocarbon chain
            大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果。由表 6 可                               length of counterions[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2017, 225: 606-612.
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            知,两者的抑菌率均达到了 99.999%,说明两种双                             on aggregation and adsorption  behavior of quaternary ammonium
            子季铵盐均展现出优秀的抑菌效果。反离子的改变                                 surfactants[J]. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2017,
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            并没有降低抑菌效果,这为未来无耐药性的抑菌剂                             [8]   ZHANG  C Q, JIANG  Y J, JU H B, et al. "Organic counterion"
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                      表 6  GC-Cl 和 GC-S 的抑菌效果                  [9]   CAO Y P, YANG W G, JIANG Y J, et al. Studies on physicochemical
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                (1)以十二烷基二甲基叔胺、环氧氯丙烷和对                              Microwave synthesis technique and properties of C m-C n-C m type
                                                                   quaternary ammonium gemini surfactant[J]. Guangdong Chemical
            甲基苯磺酸为原料,合成了一种反离子为有机酸根                                 Industry (广东化工), 2020, 47(12): 17-19.
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            的双子季铵盐 GC-S。最佳合成条件为反应温度 100                            containing both amide and ester groups: Synthesis, surface properties
            ℃,n(十二烷基二甲基叔胺)∶n(对甲苯磺酸)=2∶                             and antibacterial activity[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2020, 299:
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            1.00,反应时间为 10 h。FTIR、 HNMR 和 ESI-MS                [15]  CHEN W J (程文静), YU L (余林), CHEN G (程高), et al. Synthesis
                                                                   characterization and application  of Bola silicone quaternary
            表征证明合成了预期结构的化合物。                                       ammonium salt[J]. CIESC Journal (化工学报), 2021, 72(5): 1-21.
                (2)与结构相似的 GC-Cl 相比,GC-S 具有较高的                  [16]  XU Q, WANG L Y, XING F L. Synthesis and properties of dissymmetric
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            降低表面张力的能力,其平衡表面张力为 24.06 mN/m,                         14(1): 85-90.
                                  –4
            临界胶束浓度为 2.09×10  mol/L。                            [17]  HUSSAIN S M S, KAMAL M S, MURTAZA M. Synthesis of novel
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                (3)与 GC-Cl 和 1231 相比,GC-S 对石蜡膜和                    oil recovery application[J]. Energies, 2019, 12(9): 1-16.
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            原棉布片均展现出更好的润湿性;具有更好的起泡                                 betaine surfactants and their surface active properties[J]. Journal of
            性和稳泡性;对液体石蜡具有更优异的乳化性能。                                 the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2017, 74: 7-13.
                                                               [19]  ZANA R. Alkanediyl-alpha, omega-bis(dimethylalkylammonium bromide)
                (4)抑菌实验表明,反离子的改变没有对 GC-S                           surfactants 10. Behavior in aqueous solution at concentrations below
            的抑菌性能造成影响,抑菌率仍达 99.999%。                               the critical  micellization concentration: An electrical  conductivity
                                                                   study[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2002, 246(1): 182-190.
                 综上所述,含对甲苯磺酸根反离子的双子季铵                          [20]  ZHOU  X Q,  HU  S Q, WANG Y, et al. The surface adsorption,
                                                                   aggregate structure and antibacterial activity of gemini quaternary
            盐 GC-S 具有更高的表面活性,在润湿、乳化、泡                              ammonium surfactants with carboxylic counterion[J]. Royal Society
            沫和抑菌性能方面具有更优异的表现。在如今对表                                 Open Science, 2019, 6(8): 190378.
                                                               [21]  CAO Y P (曹玉朋), YANG W G (杨伟光), JIANG Y (姜亚洁), et al.
            面活性剂提出更高要求的大环境下, GC-S 的成功合                             Synthesis and properties of a zwitterionic gemini surfactant[J]. Fine
                                                                   Chemicals (精细化工), 2021, 38(2): 335-340.
            成进一步丰富了双子季铵盐种类,扩大了双子季铵                             [22]  WANG L Y (王丽艳), DUAN S Y (段松言), WANG X (王旭), et al.
            盐的研究范围,为具有优异性能的表面活性剂开发                                 Study on  structural  modification and performance of dodecyl
                                                                   dimethyl benzyl  ammonium  chloride[J]. Chemical Research and
            提供了一定的理论支撑。                                            Applications (化学研究与应用), 2021, 33(8): 1552-1559.
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