Page 79 - 《精细化工》2022年第10期
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第 10 期                      任   爽,等:  零价铁材料还原水中硝酸盐的研究进展                                 ·2013·


            点。采用废铁屑作为原料,具有以废治废的意义,                             参考文献:
            符合中国“综合利用,化害为利”的基本方针。但                             [1]   BASTANI M, HARTER T. Source area  management practices  as
            ZVI 材料应用于实际脱氮中面临着一些困境,需要                               remediation tool to address groundwater nitrate pollution in drinking
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            考虑以下几个方面:(1)酸碱度控制。反应体系需                            [2]   JIA L, LIU H, KONG Q,  et al. Interactions of high-rate nitrate
            要较低的 pH,而许多实际的废水是非酸性的,并且                               reduction and heavy metal mitigation in iron-carbon-based constructed
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            由于反应过程中质子的大量消耗导致溶液 pH 升高,                              2020, 169: 115285.
            对 pH 进行调整会导致处理成本和处理难度的增大。                          [3]   WANG H S, FENG C P,  DENG Y.  Effect of potassium on nitrate
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            实际应用中应予以考虑;(2)实际的水处理过程中,                               703: 134830.
            废水成分更加复杂且时有波动,ZVI 更容易钝化或                           [4]   LIN S (林珊), WEI H S (韦会松), LIU J J (刘俊菊). Analysis of
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            失去活性,如何稳定反应体系使其长时间保持高效                                 China Health Industry (中国卫生产业), 2019, 16(22): 154-155.
            的反应速率,需要进一步的探索;(3)ZVI 投加量                          [5]   MOSAFERI M, EJLALI A, NAZARI J. The health aspects of urmia
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            较大时可能会产生聚积板结并沉降在水底,阻碍                              [6]   TANG T T, XING Q J, ZHANG S H, et al. High selective reduction
            ZVI 与目标污染物的接触,这导致投加的 ZVI 大多                            of nitrate into  nitrogen  by novel Fe-Cu/D407 composite with
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            数不能被有效利用,实际处理效果偏低。为避免此
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            类情况,可采用外加机械搅拌等方式保持 ZVI 颗粒                          [7]   LIU Y, WANG J L. Reduction of nitrate by zero valent iron (ZVI)-
            与废水充分混合。(4)作为水处理材料,ZVI 使用                              based materials: A review[J]. Science of the  Total Environment,
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            后需从被污染水体中分离,这是一项具有挑战性的                             [8]   ZHANG  H H,  ZHAO Z F, LI S L,  et al. Nitrogen removal by
            任务。目前所使用的方法包括人工分离和磁分离回                                 mix-cultured aerobic denitrifying bacteria isolated  by ultrasound:
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            收法等,人工分离难度大、效率低,而磁分离回收                                 Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 372: 26-36.
            法则面临较高的经济成本。提升 ZVI 材料的分散性                          [9]   WOODWARD E E, EDWARDS T M, GIVENS C E, et al. Widespread
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            分离技术有利于 ZVI 材料的进一步推广应用。(5)铁                            Science &Technology, 2021, 55(3): 1345-1353.
            的回收再利用也是值得关注的问题。反应过程中产                             [10]  ILBERT M, BONNEFOY V. Insight into the evolution  of the iron
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            生的 Fe(Ⅲ)矿物不仅能够吸附除磷,还可通过热                               Bioenergetics, 2013, 1827(2): 161-175.
            解过程制备具有优异电容和电导率的磁铁矿生物                              [11]  JOHNSON D B, KANAO T, HEDRICH S. Redox transformations of
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            炭。但目前尚缺乏有效的回收手段,且经济性较低,                                Frontiers in Microbiology, 2012, 3: 96.
            如何对其高效回收利用还需要进一步的研究。(6)ZVI                         [12]  YUAN M J (袁梦姣), WANG X H (王晓慧), ZHAO F (赵芳), et al.
                                         +
            还原硝酸盐的主要还原产物 NH 4 是水处理过程中需                             Research progress  of zero-valent-iron microbial coupled  system in
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            要极力避免产生的物质,会对水体造成二次污染,                                 Science (中国环境科学), 2021, 41(3): 1119-1131.
                   +
            但 NH 4 的高转化率对于生物可利用氮的回收是有                          [13]  ZHOU D, LI Y, ZHANG Y B, et al. Column test-based optimization
                                                                   of the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technique for remediating
            利的。                                                    groundwater contaminated by landfill leachates[J]. Journal of Contaminant
                 ZVI 材料在环境修复中具有显著的优势及发展                            Hydrology, 2014, 168: 1-16.
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            前景。单独使用 ZVI 脱氮存在一定局限性,采用 ZVI                           in a non-pumping reactive wells array for the remediation of a nitrate
            复合材料或 ZVI 耦合微生物工艺等可有效提高 ZVI                            contaminated aquifer[J]. Journal  of Contaminant Hydrology, 2015,
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            的性能以及反应过程中对 N 2 的选择性。今后应该致
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            力于探究各种修饰方法对 ZVI 材料还原硝酸盐反应                              A, et al. Kinetics of the chemical reduction of nitrate by zero-valent
            过程和最终产物的影响,通过开发新的制备方法进                                 iron[J]. Chemosphere, 2009, 74(6): 804-809.
                                                               [16]  ZHAO F, XIN J,  YUAN M J,  et al. A  critical review  of existing
            一步优化 ZVI 复合材料的结构和组成。此外,生物                              mechanisms and strategies to enhance N 2 selectivity in groundwater
            法仍是中国处理含氮废水的主流工艺,ZVI 耦合微                               nitrate reduction[J]. Water Research, 2022, 209: 117889.
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            生物工艺满足了传统生物反硝化技术电子供体的需                                 with nanoscale zero-valent iron: Mechanisms of intraparticle reduction
            求,具有广阔的应用前景和研究潜力。目前,对于                                 of Se (Ⅳ)[J]. Water Research, 2015, 71: 274-281.
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            ZVI 微生物耦合体系的硝酸盐去除机制缺乏统一的                               reduction via micro-electrolysis at the powdered zero-valent iron/activated
            认识,需要深入研究其脱氮原理以及参与反应的微                                 carbon interface[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2014,
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            生物及其代谢过程来帮助更好地从理论上对反应过
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