Page 58 - 《精细化工》2022年第3期

第 39 卷第 3 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.39, No.3
2022 年 3 月 FINE CHEMICALS Mar. 2022

功能材料
轻质高强芳纶纳米纤维/聚酰亚胺

复合气凝胶的制备及性能

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卓龙海 ，蔡亚玲 ，沈 东 ，谢 璠
（1. 陕西科技大学 轻化工助剂化学与技术协同创新中心，陕西 西安 710021；2. 陕西科技大学 化学与
化工学院，陕西 西安 710021；3. 陕西科技大学 轻工科学与工程学院，陕西 西安 710021）
摘要：以 4,4′-二氨基二苯醚和 3,3′,4,4′-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐为单体，采用冷冻干燥与热亚胺化相结合的方法制
备了聚酰亚胺（PI）气凝胶。在 PI 气凝胶引入芳纶纳米纤维（ANFs）以增强其骨架强度。采用 FTIR、XRD、
SEM、TEM、万能试验机、TGA 及 DSC 表征了 ANFs 对气凝胶化学结构、微观形貌、压缩性能、热稳定性的
影响。结果表明，ANFs 通过氢键与前驱体聚酰胺酸（PAA）结合，并均匀分散在气凝胶骨架中，从而有效增强
了气凝胶的强度。ANFs 的引入使气凝胶制备过程中的体积收缩率有效降低。与 PI 气凝胶相比，当 ANFs 添加
量为 4%（以 PAA 粉末的质量计）时，制备的复合气凝胶体积收缩率由 62.88%降低至 52.46%，杨氏模量由 1.8 MPa
提升至 6.9 MPa，压缩回弹率提升了 37%。
关键词：聚酰亚胺；芳纶纳米纤维；微观结构；机械性能；功能材料
中图分类号：TQ323.7 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1003-5214 (2022) 03-0480-08 开放科学 (资源服务) 标识码 (OSID)：

Preparation and properties of lightweight and
rust ANFs/PI composite aerogel

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ZHUO Longhai , CAI Yaling , SHEN Dong , XIE Fan
（1. Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology, Shaanxi University of
Science & Technology, Xi′an 710021, Shaanxi, China; 2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi
University of Science & Technology, Xi′an 710021, Shaanxi, China; 3. College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials
Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi′an 710021, Shaanxi, China）
Abstract: Polyimide (PI) aerogel was prepared from 4,4′-oxydianiline and 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone
tetracarboxylic dianhydride by freeze drying combined thermal imidization. Aramid nanofibers (ANFs)
were introduced into PI aerogel to enhance its skeleton strength. FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, universal testing
machine, TGA and DSC were used to characterize the effects of ANFs on the chemical structure, microstructure,
compressive properties and thermal stability of aerogel. The results revealed that ANFs binded to the
precursor polyamide acid (PAA) through hydrogen bonding and dispersed evenly in the aerogel skeleton, thus
effectively enhancing the strength of aerogel. The introduction of ANFs could effectively reduce the volume
shrinkage in the process of aerogel preparation. Compared with those of PI aerogel, the volume shrinkage
rate of the aerogel with ANFs additive amount of 4% (based on the mass of PAA powder) was reduced
from 62.88% to 52.46%, Young's modulus was increased from 1.8 MPa to 6.9 MPa, and the compression
rebound rate was increased by 37%.
Key words: polyimide; aramid nanofibers; microstructure; mechanical properties; functional materials

聚酰亚胺（PI）是指分子主链上含有酰亚胺环 而具有优异的机械性能、耐化学腐蚀性和热稳定性
的一类高性能聚合物，因分子链刚性大且高度共轭 等 [1-5] 。将 PI 构筑成气凝胶可有效结合 PI 的优异综

收稿日期：2021-09-28; 定用日期：2021-11-08; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20210992
基金项目：国家自然科学基金（52003145）；陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目（2020JQ-724）
作者简介：卓龙海（1988—），男，副教授，E-mail：zhuolonghai@foxmail.com。