Page 76 - 《精细化工》2023年第9期
P. 76

·1924·                            精细化工   FINE CHEMICALS                                 第 40 卷

                 聚苯胺尼龙导电织物在拉伸-回复过程中,纤维                         更多,织物导电性更好;
            大分子在受到外力作用后会发生普弹形变、高弹形                                (2)聚苯胺尼龙导电织物具有良好的拉伸弹性,
            变和黏性流动,当外力撤去后,普弹形变迅速完全                             当织物受到应力产生形变时,导电性能降低,回缩
            恢复,高弹形变逐渐恢复,存在滞后效应。聚苯胺                             时恢复;在 15%应变范围内电阻变化率与应变线性
            间有效接触未恢复至初始值,织物电流强度略低于                             相关性高;当织物受到不同程度和速率的拉伸时都
            初始状态。随着纤维间距逐渐回复,聚苯胺导电网                             具有良好的稳定性,且经过 3500 次拉伸-回复循环
            络逐渐完善,织物电阻随之减小,导电性能提升。                             后织物仍具有较好的稳定性;
            在食指及手腕做出相似程度的下弯时,5 次测试信                               (3)将聚苯胺尼龙导电织物作为传感器贴附于
            号波形及强度变化相似,说明聚苯胺尼龙导电织物                             手指和手腕上,可实时监测人体关节运动信号;聚
            可监测手指、手腕等人体关节部位的运动信号。                              苯胺尼龙导电织物塞贝克系数为 8.406  μV/K,可检
            2.3.2   温差传感                                       测织物两端温差。聚苯胺尼龙导电织物作为一种智
                 室温(20  ℃)下采用自制塞贝克系数测试装置                       能可穿戴传感材料,在与电子信息技术相融合后,
            测量冷端为 20  ℃、两端温差为 0~40 K 依次变化时                     可用于日常对人体运动及体温的实时监测。
            聚苯胺尼龙导电织物两端输出电压,结果如图 10 所
                                                   2
            示。其斜率即为塞贝克系数,并根据 PF=σS 计算出                         参考文献:
            聚苯胺尼龙导电织物功率因子,其中:PF 为织物功                           [1]   KHAN Y, OSTFELD A  E,  LOCHNER C M,  et al. Monitoring of
                                                                   vital signs with flexible and wearable medical devices[J]. Advanced
                            2
            率因子,W/(m·K );σ 为织物电导率,S/m;S 为织                         materials, 2016, 28(22): 4373-4395.
            物塞贝克系数,μV/K。                                       [2]   AFROJ S, KARIM N, WANG Z H,  et al. Engineering  graphene
                                                                   flakes for wearable textile sensors via highly scalable and ultrafast
                                                                   yarn dyeing technique[J]. ACS Nano, 2019, 13(4): 3847-3857.
                                                               [3]   LIU M M, PU X, JIANG C Y, et al. Large-area all-textile pressure
                                                                   sensors for monitoring human  motion and physiological signals[J].
                                                                   Advanced Materials, 2017, 29(41): 1703700.
                                                               [4]   YANG Q, WANG X, DING X, et al. Fabrication and characterization
                                                                   of wrapped metal yarns-based fabric temperature sensors[J]. Polymers,
                                                                   2019, 11(10): 1549
                                                               [5]   LU X, SHANG  W H, CHEN  G K,  et al. Environmentally stable,
                                                                   highly conductive, and mechanically robust metallized textiles[J].
                                                                   ACS Applied Electronic Materials, 2021, 3(3): 1477-1488.
                                                               [6]   WANG C L (王晨露), MA J X (马金星), YANG Y Q (杨雅晴), et al.
                                                                   Strain sensing property and respiration monitoring of polyaniline-
                                                                   coated warp-knitted fabrics[J]. Journal of Textile Research (纺织学
                                                                   报), 2022, 43(8): 113-118.
             图 10   聚苯胺尼龙导电织物输出电压与两端温差的关系                      [7]   LV J C, LIU Z, ZHANG L, et al. Multifunctional polypyrrole and
            Fig. 10  Relationship between output voltage and temperature   rose-like silver flower-decorated E-textile with outstanding pressure/
                   difference at both ends of polyaniline nylon conductive   strain sensing and energy storage performance[J]. Chemical Engineering
                   fabric                                          Journal, 2022, 427: 130823.
                                                               [8]   LI Z Z  (李泽钊), YUAN Y  (原韵), HAN  W Y  (韩玮屹),  et al.
                 根据图 10 拟合曲线斜率可得出,聚苯胺尼龙导                           Conductive nylon fabric modified with graphene and its strain sensing
                                                                   performances[J]. Textile Auxiliaries (印染助剂), 2020, 37(5): 27-30.
            电织物塞贝克系数为 8.406  μV/K。采用四探针测试                      [9]   HE Y X, ZHOU M Y, MAHMOUD M H H, et al. Multifunctional
            仪测得聚苯胺尼龙导电织电导率为 31.62 S/m。根据                           wearable strain/pressure sensor based on conductive carbon
                  2
            PF=σS 计算出聚苯胺尼龙织物功率因子为 2.23×                            nanotubes/silk  nonwoven fabric with high durability and low
                                                                   detection limit[J]. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 2022,
                        2
            10 –9  W/(m·K )。根据以上数据可以得出,聚苯胺尼                        5(3): 1939-1950.
                                                               [10]  SUN C Y (孙才英), LYU W F (吕文丰), CIRENDAJIE (次仁达杰),
            龙织物具有温度传感性能。
                                                                   et al. Carbon nanotubes grafted to linen fabric with pressure sensing
                                                                   properties[J]. Fine Chemicals (精细化工), 2022, 39(2): 295-301.
            3   结论                                             [11]  CAI H H, LIU Z L, XU M T, et al. High performance flexible silk
                                                                   fabric electrodes with antibacterial, flame retardant and UV
                本文通过原位聚合法制备了聚苯胺尼龙导电织                               resistance for supercapacitors and sensors[J]. Electrochimica  Acta,
                                                                   2021, 390(10): 138895.
            物,探究了反应温度、应变、拉伸次数、拉伸速率                             [12]  ZHOU  X R, HU  C Y,  LIN X C,  et al. Polyaniline-coated cotton
            对织物导电性能的影响,并测试了将其作为应力和                                 knitted fabric for body motion monitoring[J]. Sensors and Actuators
                                                                   A: Physical, 2021, 321: 112591.
            温度传感器的可能性,得出以下主要结论:                                [13]  KE G Z (柯贵珍), CHOWDHURY M H (乔杜里·莫法塞·哈克),
                (1)采用原位聚合法可在尼龙织物表面形成一                              ZHANG M Z (张明卓), et al. Preparation and conductive property of
                                                                   polyaniline composited cotton fabric[J].  Cotton  Textile  Technology
            层聚苯胺导电层,赋予织物导电能力,相比于室温,
                                                                   (棉纺织技术), 2019, 47(4): 14-17.
            在冰水浴环境下,聚苯胺在尼龙织物上原位聚合量                                                           (下转第 1958 页)
   71   72   73   74   75   76   77   78   79   80   81