Page 62 - 201811

第 35 卷第 11 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.35, No.11
2018 年 11 月 FINE CHEMICALS Nov. 2018

功能材料
三维石墨烯/聚氨酯复合材料的制备与特性

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赵梁成，李 斌 ，李 覃，武思蕊
（昆明理工大学 化学工程学院，云南 昆明 650500）

摘要：以氧化石墨烯（GO）为网络骨架的前驱体，通过水热还原、冷冻干燥制备了石墨烯气凝胶（GA）；再
以聚氨酯（PU）为复合材料的填充体，调节 PU 软硬度与流动性并真空浸渍气凝胶 GA，两步法制备出互咬型
三维石墨烯/聚氨酯（3DGP）复合材料。利用 SEM、Raman、FTIR 对 GO、GA、3DGP 的结构与形貌进行了
表征，并采用 TGA-DSC 和自制压阻测试平台分析热稳定性和压阻特性。结果表明：6 g/L GO 水溶液在还原剂
乙二胺（EDA）作用下，GO 片层间相互连接形成规整蜂窝状三维网络结构，其孔径约 0.8 mm，3DGP 中 PU
与 GA 能很好地咬合；三维网络骨架的连续性为热运输载体声子提供了良好通道，使得 3DGP 热稳定性能显著
提升，失重率 5%时温度较 PU 提升了 45 ℃；具有低迟滞性（8.7%）并且在压阻测量区间表现出两种压阻效应。
关键词：氧化石墨烯；聚氨酯；复合材料；热稳定性；压阻特性
中图分类号：TQ334.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2018) 11-1848-06

Preparation and Properties of Three-dimensional
Graphene/Polyurethane Composites

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ZHAO Liang-cheng, LI Bin , LI Qin, WU Si-rui
（Faculty of Chemical Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China）

Abstract: Three-dimensional graphene/polyurethane (3DGP) composites in cross-bite were prepared
through two steps using graphene aerogel (GA) as network framework and polyurethane (PU) as filler. GA
was prepared from graphene oxide (GO) by hydrothermal reduction and freeze-drying. Subsequently, the
PU with appropriate hardness and fluidity was use to impregnate the obtained GA in a vacuum state. The
structure and morphology of GO, GA and 3DGP were characterized and analyzed by SEM, Raman and
FTIR. The thermal stability and piezoresistive characteristics were tested by means of TGA-DSC and
self-made piezoresistive test platform. The results demonstrated that when GO (6 g/L aqueous solution)
was reduced by ethylenediamine (EDA), GO layers interconnected to form a regular honeycomb
three-dimensional network with a pore size about 0.8 mm. Thus, PU and GA could be well occluded in
3DGP. Besides, the continuity of the three-dimensional network skeleton provided a good channel for the
phonon of heat transport carrier, which remarkably enhanced the thermal stability of 3DGP. The
decomposition temperature at 5% weight loss of 3DGP was higher 45 ℃ than that of PU. Additionally,
3DGP had low hysteresis (8.7%) and showed two piezoresistive effects in piezoresistive measurement
range.
Key words: graphene oxide; polyurethane; composites; thermal stability; piezoresistive characteristics
Foundation item: National Natural Science Foundation of China (51167008)

2
石墨烯是由 sp 杂化碳原子键合形成的蜂窝状 积和高透光率 [2-4] 等优势。优异的性能使得石墨烯被
[1]
二维晶体材料 ，独特的原子结构让其具有载流子 认为最具科研前景的新型材料之一，然而，二维石
[5]
迁移率高、抗拉伸强度大、导热性能好、高比表面 墨烯与高分子材料复合过程极易发生团聚和堆叠 ，导

收稿日期：2018-07-19; 定用日期：2018-10-12; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20180534
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（51167008）
作者简介：赵梁成(1992—)，男，硕士生。联系人：李 斌(1965—)，男，教授，博士生导师，电话：13629627675，E-mail：kmlb@vip.sina.com。