Page 45 - 《精细化工》2019年第11期

第 36 卷第 11 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.36, No.11
2019 年 11 月 FINE CHEMICALS Nov. 2019

功能材料
导电聚苯胺/泡沫玻璃复合吸波材料的制备与表征

*
涂金强，李志宏，朱玉梅
（天津大学 材料科学与工程学院，天津 300350）

摘要：以硼玻璃粉为原料，炭黑为发泡剂，Fe 2 O 3 为添加剂，制备得到泡沫玻璃基体。再以苯胺（An）为单体，
过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂，通过原位聚合法和乳液聚合法制备了导电聚苯胺/泡沫玻璃复合材料。采用 FTIR、XRD
和 SEM 对泡沫玻璃和复合材料的形貌、结构进行了表征，采用矢量网格分析仪测量了材料的电磁参数，并模拟
计算了材料的反射损耗。结果表明，当炭黑含量为 0.1%（以硼玻璃粉的质量为基准，下同）、炭黑和 Fe 2 O 3 的物
质的量比为 3∶2 时，制备的泡沫玻璃气孔尺寸为 1.0~1.2 mm，抗压强度为 2.2 MPa。原位聚合所得复合材料最
小反射损耗为–12.56 dB，有效带宽（即反射损耗小于–10 dB 的频率范围）为 2.0 GHz（8.2~10.2 GHz）。乳液聚
合所得材料最小反射损耗为–13.38 dB，有效带宽为 2.2 GHz（8.2~10.4 GHz）。
关键词：原位聚合；乳液聚合；泡沫玻璃；聚苯胺；吸波性能；功能材料
中图分类号：TB34 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2019) 11-2193-07

Preparation and Characterization of Conductive Polyaniline/
Foam Glass Absorbing Composites

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TU Jin-qiang, LI Zhi-hong, ZHU Yu-mei
（School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China）

Abstract: A foam glass substrate was prepared using borosilicate glass powder as raw material, carbon
black as foaming agent and ferric oxide as additive. Conductive polyaniline/foam glass composites were
prepared using aniline (An) as monomer and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator by in-situ
polymerization and emulsion polymerization, respectively. The morphology and structure of foam glass and
composites were characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM. The electromagnetic parameters of the materials
were measured by vector grid analyzer, and the reflection loss of the materials was simulated. The results
showed that when the carbon black content was 0.1% (based on the mass of borosilicate glass powder, the
same below) and the molar ratio of carbon black to ferric oxide was 3∶2, the prepared foam glass had a
pore size of 1.0 mm to 1.2 mm and a compressive strength of 1.70 MPa to 2.45 MPa.The minimum
reflection loss of the composite obtained by in-situ polymerization was –12.56 dB, and the effective
bandwidth was 2.0 GHz (8.2 ~ 10.2 GHz). While the minimum reflection loss and the effective bandwidth
of the composite by emulsion polymerization were –13.38 dB and 2.2 GHz (8.2~10.4 GHz), respectively.
Key words: in-situ polymerization; emulsion polymerization; foam glass; polyaniline; absorbing property;
functional materials

[3]
随着日常生活中电子、通信设备的普及，电磁 轻及厚度薄 。
[1]
波与人们的生活息息相关 。随着人们的生活被电 泡沫玻璃是将玻璃原料、发泡剂、添加剂混合
[4]
磁波所包围，电磁波对人类健康所造成的危害、对 后，在一定温度下烧结得到的多孔玻璃材料 。由
[2]
电子设备正常运行所造成的干扰等问题日益严重 。 于泡沫玻璃的原料通常是碎玻璃粉、电子设备的玻璃
电磁波吸收材料引起了科研人员的广泛关注，对吸 废料和粉煤灰等工业废料。在日益提倡环保意识的
波材料也提出了新的要求：吸收强、频带宽、质量 今天，得到了很多学者的关注 [5-6] 。泡沫玻璃吸波材

收稿日期：2019-04-10; 定用日期：2019-05-13; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20190296
作者简介：涂金强（1994—），男，硕士生，E-mail：466542803@qq.com。联系人：朱玉梅（1966—），女，副教授，E-mail：
zhuyumei@china.com.cn。