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第 36 卷第 3 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.36, No.3
201 9 年 3 月 FINE CHEMICALS Mar. 2019

功能材料
不同氧化程度氧化石墨烯氨气敏感性能及机理

杨建召 1,2 ，孙红娟 1,2,3* ，彭同江 2,3 ，雷德会 2,3 ，岳焕娟 1,2,3

（1. 西南科技大学 环境与资源学院，四川 绵阳 621010；2. 西南科技大学 固体废物处理与资源化教育
部重点实验室，四川 绵阳 621010；3. 西南科技大学 矿物材料及应用研究所，四川 绵阳 621010）

摘要：基于改进的 Hummers 法，通过改变氧化剂 KMnO 4 用量制备了各种含氧官能团含量差异明显的氧化石墨
烯（GOs）水相分散液，采用旋涂法制备了厚度均一的 GOs 气敏元件。利用 XRD、FTIR、XPS 对样品的结构、
官能团种类及含量进行了分析；利用气敏测试系统对 GOs 气敏元件的 NH 3 敏感性能进行了测试。结果表明：
GOs 含有羟基（—OH）、环氧基〔—CH(O)CH—〕等含氧官能团，随 KMnO 4 用量的增加，GOs 中羟基（—OH）
的相对含量（XPS 测得）先增加后减少，当 m（KMnO 4 ）∶m（石墨）=3∶1 时，—OH 的相对含量最高。不同
氧化程度的 GOs 气敏元件对 NH 3 灵敏度与其—OH 的相对含量呈正相关性，GOs 中—OH 相对含量为 43.75%时，
气敏元件对体积分数为 0.008%的 NH 3 最大灵敏度达到 78%，且有较好的稳定性和重复性，重复性误差为 3.1%。
+
GOs 对 NH 3 分子的响应存在两种机制：NH 3 分子进入 GOs 片层间水分子层后水解形成 NH 4 的离子电导，和 GOs
结构层上含氧官能团对 NH 3 分子吸附后形成氢键的电荷转移。
关键词：氧化石墨烯；氧化程度；含氧官能团；氨敏性能；功能材料
中图分类号：0613.71 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2019) 03-0380-08

Sensitivity and Mechanism of Graphene Oxide with

Different Oxidation Degree

2,3
1,2
2,3
YANG Jian-zhao , SUN Hong-juan 1,2,3* , PENG Tong-jiang , LEI De-hui , YUE Huan-juan 1,2,3
（1. School of Environment and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan,
China; 2. Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Southwest University of
Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China; 3. Institute of Mineral Materials and Application,
Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China）

Abstract: Graphene oxide (GOs) aqueous dispersions with different content of oxygen-containing
functional groups were prepared by changing the amount of oxidant KMnO 4 . And the graphene oxide
film prepared by spin coating method. The type and content of the functional groups, spectral
characteristic were implemented by XRD, FTIR, XPS. NH 3 sensitivity is tested by WS-30A gas
sensing system. The result shows that graphite oxide contains oxygen functional groups such as
hydroxyl group (—OH), epoxy group (—CH(O)CH—) and so on.The relative content of—OH in GOs
increases first and then decreases with the increase of KMnO 4 content. The relative content of—OH is
the highest when m(KMnO 4 )∶m(Graphite)=3∶1. The sensitivity of different degrees of oxidation
GOs gas sensors to NH 3 is positively correlated with the relative content of —OH. When the relative
content of —OH in GOs is 43.75%, the maximum sensitivity of gas sensor to NH 3 with volume fraction
of 0.008% is up to 78%, and the gas sensor exhibits good stability and repeatability, the minimum error
of repeatability is 3.1%. There are two mechanisms for the response of GOs to NH 3 molecules: the
ionic conductance mechanism of NH 3 molecules entering GOs interlayer water molecules after
+
hydrolysis to form NH 4 ions; the charge transfer mechanism of hydrogen bonds formed by oxygen
functional groups on the GOs structure layer after adsorbing NH 3 molecules.
Key words: graphene oxide; different oxidation degree; oxygen-containing functional groups;ammonia

收稿日期：2018-08-01; 定用日期：2018-12-03; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20180573
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（U1630132，41772036）；四川省科技厅项目（2017GZ0114，2016GZ0428）；西南科技大学研
究生创新基金（18ycx040）
作者简介：杨建召（1991—），男，硕士生。联系人：孙红娟（1976—），女，博士，教授，E-mail：sunhongjuan@swust.edu.cn。