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第 36 卷第 3 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.36, No.3
201 9 年 3 月 FINE CHEMICALS Mar. 2019

功能材料
聚丙烯酸接枝共聚水性硝化纤维的合成与性能

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苏秀霞 ，张 蓉 ，张 婧 ，贺生卓
（1. 陕西科技大学 陕西省轻化工助剂重点实验室，陕西 西安 710021；2. 咸阳职业技术学院，陕西 咸
阳 712000）
摘要：以硝化纤维（NC）、丙烯酸（AA）、丙烯酸羟丙酯（HEPA）、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯（HDI）为主要原料，
采用自乳化法制备了聚丙烯酸接枝共聚水性硝化纤维（PWNC）乳液，并进一步制成 PWNC 涂膜。采用 FTIR、
表面水接触角测量仪、TEM、TGA 和 Zeta 电位测试了 PWNC 涂膜的化学结构、疏水性、胶粒形态、耐热性以
及 PWNC 乳液的粒径大小；考察了 AA 与 HEPA 物质的量比、偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）质量分数、HDI 用量、
单体聚合温度对 PWNC 乳液和涂膜的影响。结果表明：当 n(AA)∶n(HEPA) = 3∶1，AIBN 质量分数为 0.8%、
HDI 5.05 g、聚合温度为 80 ℃时，乳液胶粒呈球形，具有核壳结构。乳液粒子平均粒径和分散系数分别是 52 nm
和 0.021；涂膜接触角增加至 118.9°，相比于 NC 涂膜，PWNC 涂膜具有优异的耐水性。
关键词：水性硝化纤维；接枝共聚；六亚甲基二异氰酸酯；核壳结构；耐水性；功能材料
中图分类号：TQ630 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2019) 03-0393-07

Synthesis and Properties of Waterborne Nitrocellulose Emulsion
Modified with Polyacrylic Grafting Copolymerization

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SU Xiu-xia , ZHANG Rong , ZHANG Jing , HE Sheng-zhuo
（1. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an
710021, Shaanxi, China; 2. Xianyang Vocational Technical College, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi, China）
Abstract: A polyacrylic modified waterborne nitrocellulose (PWNC) emulsion was prepared by self-
emulsification method with nitrocellulose (NC), acrylic acid (AA), hydroxypropyl acrylate (HEPA) and
hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as main raw materials. Then, the corresponding PWNC films were
obtained. FTIR, contact angle measuring instrument, TEM, TGA and nano particle surface potential
analyzer were use to characterize the chemical structure, hydrophobicity, particle morphology, thermal
properties of PWNC films and the particle size of PWNC emulsions. The effects of molar ratio of AA to
HEPA, the amount of azodiisobutyronitrile (AIBN), dosage of HDI and polymerization temperature on the
properties of emulsion and film were also studied. The results showed that when n(AA)∶n(HEPA) was 3∶1,
the mass fraction of AIBN was 0.8%, HDI dosage was 5.05 g and polymerization temperature was 80 ℃,
the prepared PWNC emulsion colloidal particles were spherical with core-shell structure. The average
particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) were 52 nm and 0.021, respectively. The contact angle of
PWNC film was 118.9°, which indicated that PWNC film had better water resistance than NC film.
Key words: waterborne nitrocellulose; grafting copolymerization; hexamethylene diisocyanate; core-shell
structure; water resistance;functional materials
Foundation item: Industrialization Breeding Project of the Department of Education of Shaanxi Province
(2012JC04)

硝化纤维，是硝基涂料的主要成膜物质 [1-3] 。传 使用这种涂料会给环境和人类都造成严重的危害 [10] ，
统的硝基涂料 VOC（挥发性有机化合物）含量较高 [4-9] ， 近几年，随着环保力度加大以及绿色生产深入人心，

收稿日期：2018-09-12; 定用日期：2019-01-18; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20180677
基金项目：陕西省教育厅 2012 年产业化培育项目（2012JC04）
作者简介：苏秀霞（1964—），女，教授，研究生导师。联系人：张 蓉（1991—），女，硕士生，E-mail：261880181@qq.com。