Page 118 - 201904

第 36 卷第 4 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.36, No.4
201 9 年 4 月 FINE CHEMICALS Apr. 2019

表面活性剂
长链 N-烷基-3-甲基吡啶溴盐表面活性剂合成及性能

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付 东，王 珏，李 鹏，黄 波，谢 洋，阚 侃
（黑龙江省科学院高技术研究院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150020）

摘要：以 3-甲基吡啶和正溴代烷为原料合成了 3 种长链 N-烷基-3-甲基吡啶溴盐离子液体表面活性剂[C n mpy][Br]
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1
（n 为疏水尾链所含碳原子个数，n=12、14、16）。采用 FTIR 和 NMR( H、 C)对化合物结构进行了表征。采用
电导率法和 Du Noüy 环法测定了表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度（CMC），考察了疏水基链长、温度对 CMC 的影响，
并计算了胶束形成过程的热力学参数；测定了所合成表面活性剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌
的抑菌活性。结果表明，298.15 K 时，电导率法测得[C n mpy][Br]（n=12、14、16）的 CMC 分别为 9.98、2.50
和 0.564 mmol/L；Du Noüy 环法较电导率法测得的 CMC 小 1.15~1.37 倍。疏水基尾链碳原子数对 CMC 的影响
符合 Stauff-Klevens 公式。CMC 随着温度的升高，呈现先降低后升高的趋势。[C n mpy][Br]表面活性剂的标准胶
束吉布斯自由能和标准胶束化焓均为负值，表明胶束的形成是自发放热过程。抑菌活性实验结果表明，
[C 14 mpy][Br]对 3 个菌种的抑菌活性最强，抑菌圈直径分别为 25.0、28.0 和 26.0 mm。
关键词：N-烷基-3-甲基吡啶溴盐；电导率法；胶束化行为；热力学；抑菌活性；表面活性剂
中图分类号：TQ647.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2019) 04-0644-06

Synthesis and Properties of Surfactants:
Long-Chain N-Alkyl-3-Methylpyridinium Bromide

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FU Dong, WANG Jue, LI Peng, HUANG Bo, XIE Yang, KAN Kan
（Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150020, Heilongjiang, China）

Abstract: Three long-chain ionic liquids surfactants: N-alkyl-3-methylpyridinium bromide [C nmpy][Br](n
is the number of carbon atoms in hydrophobic tail, n=12, 14, 16) were synthesized from 3-methylpyridine
1
13
with n-alkyl bromides and characterized by FTIR and NMR ( H, C). The critical micelle concentration
(CMC) values of surfactants were determined by employing conductometry and Du Noüy ring method. The
effects of carbon chain length in hydrophobic tail and temperature on the CMC were also investigated. The
thermodynamic parameters of the micellization process of the surfactants were also calculated. The
antibacterial activities of the synthesized surfactants against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and
Bacillus subtilis were measured. The results showed that the CMC values for [C nmpy][Br] (n=12, 14, 16)
was found to be 9.98, 2.50 and 0.564 mmol/L, respectively. The CMC value measured by Du Noüy ring
method were 1.15 to 1.37 times lower than that by conductometry. The relationship between the number of
carbon atoms in carbon atoms in hydrophobic tail and the CMC value was in accordance with Stauff-
Klevens rule. The CMC values initially decreased and finally increased with the increase of temperature.
The ΔG m and ΔH m values of [C nmpy][Br] surfactants were negative, indicating that the micellization
process was a spontaneous exothermic process. The results of antibacterial activities showed that
[C 14mpy][Br] surfactant had the strongest antibacterial activity against the three bacteria. The inhibition
zone diameters were 25.0, 28.0 and 26.0 mm, respectively.
Key words: N-alkyl-3-methylpyridinium bromide; conductometry; micellization behavior; thermodynamics;
antibacterial activities; surfactants

收稿日期：2018-07-09; 定用日期：2018-11-19; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20180507
作者简介：付 东（1986—），男，助理研究员，硕士，E-mail：sato2004@163.com。联系人：阚 侃（1984—），女，副研究员，博
士，电话：0451-87195843，E-mail：kankan.has@foxmail.com。