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第 36 卷第 4 期 精 细 化 工 Vol.36, No.4
201 9 年 4 月 FINE CHEMICALS Apr. 2019

精细化工中间体
三（2-羟丙基）磷酸酯的合成

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徐 洋，赵新叶，王俊龙，职慧珍 ，杨锦飞
（南京师范大学 化学与材料科学学院，江苏 南京 210023）

摘要：以磷酸和环氧丙烷为原料，Et 3 NHCl-AlCl 3 离子液体为催化剂合成反应型阻燃剂——三（2-羟丙基）磷酸
酯。采用红外、核磁、质谱对其结构进行了表征。考察了催化剂种类及用量、物料比〔n(H 3 PO 4 )∶n(环氧丙烷)〕、
反应时间和反应温度等因素对反应的影响。得到最佳反应条件为：n(H 3 PO 4 )∶n(环氧丙烷)=1.0∶3.2，反应温度
为 90 ℃，反应时间为 3 h，Et 3 NHCl-AlCl 3 用量为 3%（以磷酸和环氧丙烷的总质量为基准，下同），在该条件下
三（2-羟丙基）磷酸酯收率可达 92.8%。热重分析表明，温度 600 ℃时，三（2-羟丙基）磷酸酯的残炭率为 16.66%，
其稳定性符合材料加工要求，阻燃性能优良。
关键词：阻燃剂；环氧丙烷；三（2-羟丙基）磷酸酯；绿色合成；精细化工中间体
中图分类号：TQ328 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-5214 (2019) 04-0771-05

Synthesis of Tris (2-hydroxypropyl) phosphate

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XU Yang, ZHAO Xin-ye, WANG Jun-long, ZHI Hui-zhen , YANG Jin-fei
（College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China）

Abstract: A reactive flame retardant, tris (2-hydroxypropyl) phosphate was synthesized using phosphoric
acid and propylene oxide as raw materials in the presence of a catalytic amount of Et 3 NHCl-AlCl 3 ionic
liquid. Its structure was characterized by FTIR, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The
effects of the type and amount of catalyst, molar ratio of phosphoric acid to propylene oxide, reaction
time and reaction temperature on the yield of the product were studied. The results showed that the
optimum conditions were as follows: n(phosphoric acid) : n(propylene oxide)=1.0 : 3.2, reaction
temperature 90 ℃, reaction time 3 h, catalyst dosage 3% (based on the total mass of phosphoric acid and
propylene oxide, the same below). Under these conditions, the yield of tris (2-hydroxypropyl) phosphate
reached 92.8%. The performances of the product were excellent. The thermogravimetric analysis
revealed that carbon yield of tris (2-hydroxypropyl) phosphate was 16.66% at 600 ℃, its stability met the
material processing requirements.
Key words: flame retardant; propylene oxide; tris (2-hydroxypropyl) phosphate; green synthesis; fine
chemical intermediates
Foundation items: Jiangsu Province Industry Foresight and Common Key Technologies of the Key
Research Project (BE2017165); Incubation Project of Changzhou and Zhenjiang Innovation and Development
Research Institute of Nanjing Normal University

随着社会的不断发展，人类对火的预防愈发重 为替代卤系阻燃剂的品种之一。阻燃改性最常用方
视，以阻燃为目的的阻燃材料技术得到大力发展， 法是在高分子材料中引入添加型 [3-7] 或反应型 [8-9] 阻
成为全球关注热点之一 [1-2] 。有机磷系阻燃剂品种繁 燃剂。添加型阻燃剂存在添加量大、易迁移、相容
多，具有高效、无毒、无卤、无烟等优点，被公认 性差等缺点，在应用上受到一定限制。与添加型阻

收稿日期：2018-08-21; 定用日期：2019-01-22; DOI: 10.13550/j.jxhg.20180613
基金项目：江苏省产业前瞻与共性关键技术竞争项目（BE2017165）；南京师范大学常州、镇江创新发展研究院孵化项目
作者简介：徐 洋（1994—），男，硕士生。联系人：职慧珍（1974—），女，副教授，E-mail：zhihuizhen@163.com。